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- W199392052 abstract "Abstract Subjects' recollections of earlier encoded (original) information can be distorted by presenting contradictory information prior to the attempt of recalling the original information. This paradigm has supplied a wealth of empirical evidence. In this paper, we present three lines of research: (1) In order to investigate the influence of source confusion on the misinformation effect , we present ModiCHARM, a holographic associative memory model that allows simulation of source confusion and forgetting in misinformation studies. We report two simulations, where ModiCHARM successfully modeled different sets of empirical data; (2) To further test the source-confusion approach, we varied the modality of material presentation in two misinformation experiments. We found only small modality effects, but a different, so far neglected, variable proved its importance: subjects' awareness of contradictions; and (3) Finally, we present an experiment where misinformation effect and hindsight bias were directly compared to each other. Using numerical items as material, we found the same mean distortion in subjects' recollections under both paradigms. Analyzing the data with a multinomial model, though, suggested that only hindsight subjects suffered from genuine recollection blends, while the misinformation effect was based on demand characteristics." @default.
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- W199392052 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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- W199392052 title "Chapter 2 The Eyewitness-Misinformation Effect: Distorted Recollections Based on Contradictory Information" @default.
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- W199392052 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(08)62651-5" @default.
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