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- W1994115768 abstract "The entire examination of the effects of family and schooling in America by Jencks et al. is a comparison of relative differences between individuals within the existing society. Thus, the findings can be viewed in terms of the existing theory concerning human differences. If is difficult to know where to start. The book is really two books. The first consists of the results of the reanalysis of data gathered by others, such as the Equality of Educational Opportunity data (Coleman et al., 1966), the Project Talent data (Flanagan et al., 1962), the American Occupational Structure data (Duncan et al., 1968), and data from other studies too numerous to enumerate. The essentials of this book are in the respective chapters, although the bulk is in the elaborate notes. The second book is the authors' rhetoric. This begins with the title, Inequality, which is simply a value laden term for standard deviation (p. 42) or individual differences, and supplements the scientific results throughout. To the writers' credit, the two books are entirely separable. This review will be concerned with the former book, more specifically that which is contained in the third chapter, Inequality in Cognitive Skills, and its referent appendix, Estimating the Heritability of IQ Scores. Together these sections comprise over one-third of the entire text. The topic of cognitive inequality includes: (a) the nature of cognition, although the definition is limited to the tests which comprised the EEOS, Talent, and similar studies; (b) the extent of individual and group differences in the cognitive domain (with emphasis on individual differences); and (c) the causes of these differences in terms of family (genes and social environment) and school. Thus in these sections, as throughout the book, the focus is on documenting the effects of inequalities from the perspectives of social differences, extent of segregation (social and economic), school resources, etc., and examining family and school factors as causes. In the process of preparing this review, a number of negative critical comments were enumerated, but, quite frankly, they pale into insignificance when compared to the laudable features. In some instances, definitions are less than adequate, as that of IQ; causes of differences are ignored, for" @default.
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- W1994115768 title "Human Differences and Inequalities: Causes and Effects" @default.
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- W1994115768 doi "https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312011002151" @default.
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