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- W1994151509 abstract "Electrochemical methods in combination with redox-active surfactants form the basis of a procedure to create gradients in surfactant-based properties of solutions. The gradients are created by the formation of surface-active species at controlled rates in spatially localized (<mm) regions defined by electrodes. Chemical removal of the surface-active species at rates competitive with their electrochemical formation permits the creation of surfactant molecules with lifetimes that can be manipulated from 10-2 to 103 s. Electrochemical reduction of a ferrocenium precursor (I2+) to a ferrocenyl surfactant (11-ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (Fc(CH2)11N+(CH3)3 Br-; Fc = [η5-C5H5]Fe[η5-C5H5]) (I+) at a Pt electrode protruding from the surface of an aqueous solution caused the motion of fluid away from the electrode under the influence of a gradient in the surface tension of the solution (Marangoni phenomenon). The velocity of the solution increased as the potential applied to the electrode decreased from 0.1 V (vs SCE) to −0.2 V (vs SCE). The maximum velocity of the fluid was observed when the concentration of ferrocenium precursor was 0.6 mM; the change in dynamic surface tension of an aqueous solution upon reduction of I2+ to I+ was also maximal at a concentration of ca. 0.6 mM. Fluid was displaced back and forth across the surface of an aqueous solution by using two working electrodes. The lifetimes of ferrocenyl surfactants I+ formed electrochemically were manipulated from ∼10-2 to 103 s by changing the concentration of oxidizing agent (Fe3+) dissolved within the bulk of the aqueous solution; the Marangoni flow of fluid was observed to result from a balance in the rates of electrochemical creation and chemical removal of I+ at the surface of the solution. The principles reported herein make possible the use of surfactants in environments in which their sustained and/or widespread presence is detrimental." @default.
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- W1994151509 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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- W1994151509 title "Dispensing Surfactants from Electrodes: Marangoni Phenomenon at the Surface of Aqueous Solutions of (11-Ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium Bromide" @default.
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- W1994151509 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960902t" @default.
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