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• W1994304484 abstract "Lima Bean Farming and Soil Erosion in the Encinitas Area GEORGE F. CARTER San Diego State College In San Diego County there are three areas of production of lima beans. One area lies in the north of the county and is strung shoestringlike along the younger terraces of the coast. A second area takes in the large block of sandy clay-loams on the Otay Mesa in the southwestern part of the county. The third area is the Encinitas District and is the one to be discussed in this paper. Encinitas is a small coastal town 20 miles north of San Diego. It is the center for the bean farming which has developed in this vicinity. This area comprises a rather neat geologic, physiographic, and pédologie unit, with clear cut boundaries. The younger terraces along the shore line mark the western boundary. The eastern boundary is defined by two factors which tend to coincide. First, a line£??*/G??* Figure 1 UHA ITAff TltttS Uf THt r*c/*/nis tarma 3/ AIfFIeLtJ m iKtu sum w/ ClInJTX ????/tr—· CHririniiir oE crystalline hills which parallel the coast at a distance of 5 to 6 miles. Second, by a climatic boundary also parallel to the coast 5 to 6 miles back which marks the effective limit of penetration of oceanic influence for lima bean production. Approximately 9 miles to the north and 9 miles to the south occur geologic changes which alter the physiographic and pédologie conditions, and determine the northern and southern boundaries Geologically this area is a wave cut terrace of Pleistocene Age. This terrace , locally called the Linda Vista Mesa, averages 400 feet in height and is in the Encinitas area cut into massive Eocene sands of the Torrey and Del Mar formations. These massive sands extend from Torrey Pin« to Carlsbad. North of Batiquitos Slough they are, however, more heavily capped with gravel. In this northern segment there has been less erosion and this is reflected today in greater expanses of original terrace surface and less bean production. To the south, the area is bounded by the Poway gravels, to the north by harder , limier Eocene deposits, and to the east by a range of hills of crystalline rocks. The geology is reflected in the physiography. The area underlain by Eocene sands is one of greater dissection and its topography more nearly approaches maturity than that of the surrounding areas. Erosion has progressed more rapidly since the Pleistocene, and gentler slopes, and broader valleys have been developed. These slopes and valleys have been utilized for crops. The greatest differentiation of topography occurs in the region of Torrey Pines on the southern boundary of the area. Southward the mesa is dissected by (15) Figure 2. (Upper) Gullying at the shoulder of an abandoned bean field. Figure 3. (Lower) Heavy sand deposition at the mouth of an arroyo forming a barren delta in the center of a formerly fertile fieldsteep sided canyons and large areas of original surface remain. Northward the amount of erosion is much greater and the percentage of mesa surface is correspondingly less. Of interest in this eroded area is the development of asymetrical slopes. The north facing slopes are quite uniformly much steeper than the south facing slopes. It is on the gentler slopes that the best soils have developed, and it is here that many of the beans are grown. Soil types reflect both the geology and the physiography of the region. The Eocene sands have given rise to a series of sandy loams. On the remnant mesa tops these soils approach mature development of profile. Due to their partially consolidated substrata they make only fair agircultural soils. On the gentler slopes of the valleys soils of moderate profile development occur. These soils have but slight accumulation of clay or lime in their subsoil. The best of these soils is the Botella loamy sand, and it is the favorite lima bean soil. It has sufficient water-holding capacity and depth so as to permit the storage of sufficient moisture to mature the crop. It has a sufficient amount of essential plant food and is free from surplus water and injurious chemicals. Ou (16) the..." @default.
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• W1994304484 date "1938-01-01" @default.
• W1994304484 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W1994304484 title "Lima Bean Farming and Soil Erosion in the Encinitas Area" @default.
• W1994304484 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/pcg.1938.0003" @default.
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