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• W1994477424 abstract "ABSTRACT Most of the present data on oil pollution in ice-covered waters has been obtained from spills in static ice conditions. Thus, the Buzzards Bay spill, which occurred in moving ice, was of particular interest. Initially, the strong tidal currents transported most of the oil leaking from the barge into the broken ice field and beneath the large ice floes. The oil then collected in the crack systems of the rafted ice, hummocks, pressure ridges, and leads, and occupied an area of about 0.1 sq km. Oil pools formed by the rafted ice contained up to 2,000 gal of pure oil. No. 2 oil that was incorporated in hummocks and ridges was not as concentrated. Some oil in concentrated areas spread onto the ice floe surface primarily by wind forces. The No. 2 oil weathered at different rates, ranging from 6 to 47 percent volume loss, depending upon ti1e degree of oil exposed to the air. On Feb. 5, 0.1 m of snow fell at Buzzards Bay covering most of the oil from view; oil in concentrated pools formed a slush-like mixture containing 30 percent oil by volume. This snow greatly hindered aerial surveillance, research efforts, and cleanup attempts. Several cleanup techniques were used; the most successful was direct suction from concentrated pools into vacuum trucks accounting for nearly 13,000 gal of recovered oil. The ice began to break up around Feb. 8, releasing the oil contained in the ice in the form of a thin sheen. In addition, oily ice floes were transported by the currents through Cape Cod Canal into Cape Cod Bay, where they melted. These processes continued until about Feb. 26, 1977, when Buzzards Bay was essentially free of visible oil. INTRODUCTION Buzzards Bay, located on the Massachusetts Coast, is a shallow, nonestuarine bay, approximately 46 km long and 19 km wide, with an average depth of 11 m. Connecting Buzzards Bay with Cape Cod Bay to the north is the manmade Cape Cod Canal (Fig. 1). The winter of 1977 was unusually severe for most of the northeastern United States with unusual icing conditions reported for many parts of the New England coast from December through February. Buzzards Bay, which normally does not ice over, was 90 percent covered by Jan. 28. The ice that formed was less saline than normal sea ice because the waters in northern Buzzards Bay are slightly less saline than the waters found in Cape Code Bay and the southern portion of Buzzards Bay. Also, during the month preceding the spill, the Buzzards Bay ice had gone through four periods of above-freezing temperatures and rain that lowered the salt content of the ice. This low-saline ice was not as porous or elastic as normal first-year sea ice. Several types of sea-ice formations were found in Buzzards Bay. Shorefast ice, with a characteristic thickness of 0.3 m, covered the waters of the protected coves." @default.
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• W1994477424 date "1978-05-07" @default.
• W1994477424 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1994477424 title "Behavior Of The Bouchard #65 Oil Spill In The Ice-Covered Waters Of Buzzards Bay" @default.
• W1994477424 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/3079-ms" @default.
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