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• W1994614931 abstract "Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Guests, Dear Colleagues On behalf of the main organizers of the Conference, who are the Physical Section of the Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists and The Institute of Physics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, I would like to express our delight to have you here: not only prominent physicists and those who have the chance to become prominent in due time, but also all others whose work makes an original contribution to the very broad and rich area called Condensed Matter Physics. Each field of Physics surely has its characteristic style and features. The present experimental High Energy Physics, e.g., in attacking without any doubt the most fundamental problems concerning matter and the interactions that govern its world, tends to use big installations and large groups of people try to accomplish relatively few large-scale experiments addressing well defined questions and unifying thus the activities into one impressive flow. On the other hand the solid state or Condensed Matter Physics exhibits rather diferent features. Here many parallel strugglings do exist, an immense plurality in views and approaches, large number of apparently independent experiments, models and theoretical concepts which implies a big amount of contributions and discoveries whose importance is hardly predictable in advance. Nobody is usually able to anticipate when and at which place a breakthrough will appear and what its implication may be for other developments. In this way we may view the progress in the CMP rather as accomplished by many quasi-independent parallel steps loosely corresponding to a mosaic picture in which every stone—large or small—finds its irreplaceable position. Very like as in our life to whose present standard CMP has contributed so much. If you agree with this overall characteristics allow me to say a few words to illustrate by some examples about the Czechoslovak contribution to the development of CMP. During the Second World War the Czech Universities were closed and one of the consequences was that the post-war onset of modern CMP era was considerably delayed in Czechoslovakia compared to other developed European or Oversea countries. In spite of this the level based on former tradition of physics here was sufficient to react quickly to new stimuli from outside. Otherwise it is hard to explain that a one-year-stay of the late Zdeněk Matyas with Sir Neville Francis Mott in Bristol, 1946–47, was sufficient to quickly initiate the Prague School of Solid State Theory, and to stimulate widespread activities in Solid State Physics in the early 50s, which has been appreciated everywhere. Let me mention some of the main protagonists: Jan Tauc, founder of the Czechoslovak Semiconductor Physics, recognized for his pioneering work on Photovoltaic Effects, Amorphous Semiconductors and Optical Properties of Semiconductors, since 1970 professor of the Brown University (USA), now present at the Conference; the late Zdeněk Trousil, outstanding technologist who independently discovered and realized zone melting method for rafination of very pure germanium; the solid state theorists Emil Antoncik, Professor of the University at Aarhus (Denmark), and Bedřich Velický, both present at the Conference, the latter one as the Program Chairman; in magnetism Lubos Valenta fundamentally contributed to the theory of spontaneous magnetization in thin films and later stimulated the research in actinide magnetism that has been successfully developed in this country; Jan Kaczer in his systematic study of magnetic domains was first to observe the cylindrical domains that later become bubbles. And, of course, Zdeněk Frait with his perfect Ferromagnetic Resonance experiments in metals and metallic thin films. All three are present here. The modern computer-aided method for studying crystal structures were pushed forward by the late Alan Linek; the research of dielectric and ferroelectric crystal connected with the names of Vaclav Janovec, Jan Fousek, Jan Arend and Vladimir Dvořak, the last one being appreciated mostly by his original contribution to the theory of modulated (in particular incommensurable) structures and related phase transitions. And last but not least the contribution of Frantisek Kroupa to the theory of mechanical properties of solids. Most of these contributions were accomplished during the fifties and sixties. As the people I have mentioned were active in Prague, both in the Institutes of the Academy and at the Charles University, I have to fill out this incomplete enumeration stating that almost simultaneously similar activities appeared also in other cities, as Brno, Bratislava, Kosice and a few others, both Czech and Slovak creating so the Czechoslovak tradition in this field. Let me add, that many physicists, who started work in Czechoslovakia as students or post doctoral fellows emigrated during the Communist era and developed into generally recognized personalities in CMP. We are glad that most of them grasped the opportunity to come and attend this conference. Besides Professors Tauc and Antoncik, I am glad to welcome here Professor Arend (Switzerland), Dr Dorda (FRG), Professors Gerber, Jaros and Mathon (UK), Professor Kunc (France) and others who may be present. Czeckoslovak physicists were also active in the preparation of the European Physical Society. The representative of the Physics Section of our Union, Dr Plajner, was among those, who signed its charter and this act commenced good relations, and further fruitful cooperation between EPS and our Section which helped us in our isolation under the past Communist regime; and to feel, at least in a limited way, the European appurtenance. An important event along this line was the organization of the 6th EPS General Conference in Prague in 1984. Even more, we value the fact that this 12th GC of EPS Condensed Matter Division, entrusted to our hands still in the time of totality, may be held under entirely new external conditions. They are not without difficulties but with much more clear perspectives. I wish that all of you who have honoured us by attending this conference not only gain the maximum benefit from the presented contributions and high level discussions, but also gain favourable impressions of our City, its cultural life and historical monuments and — if I may express it thus — useful personal and professional contacts with our physicists." @default.
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• W1994614931 date "1992-01-01" @default.
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• W1994614931 title "Welcome to Prague" @default.
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