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- W1995021177 abstract "Summary In ovo vaccination is an alternative approach to post‐hatch vaccination of chickens, particularly in broilers. Vaccination at embryonation day 18 helps to ‘close the window’ of susceptibility i.e. the time between vaccination and early exposure to infectious agents compared with post‐hatch vaccination. Attempts on embryonal vaccination as a mode of vaccine delivery were approached from the observation that chickens already develop certain immunologic functions before hatching. The immune system in birds begins to develop early during embryogenesis and various immune reactions have been induced in the late stage chicken embryos. Compared with post‐hatch vaccination, in ovo vaccination stimulates both the innate and adaptive immune responses with the advantage that because of the prenatal immunization, in ovo vaccinated chicks have developed an appreciable degree of protection by the time of hatch. Effects of maternal antibodies on vaccines to be used for in ovo vaccination can be prevented by developing vaccines that are insensitive to maternal antibodies. It has been described that vaccination of chicken embryos at embryonation day 18 did not significantly affect the immune competence of hatched chickens. The apparent absence of tolerance in chicks hatched from embryos exposed to an antigen at the late stage of embryonation implies the feasibility of in ovo vaccination. Investigations on in ovo vaccination to produce safe and efficient vaccines are still in progress. Currently a large number of vaccines are under investigation for viral, bacterial and protozoal diseases." @default.
- W1995021177 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1995021177 creator A5030429720 @default.
- W1995021177 creator A5045669582 @default.
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- W1995021177 date "2004-06-01" @default.
- W1995021177 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W1995021177 title "Comparison of<i>in ovo</i>and post‐hatch vaccination with particular reference to infectious bursal disease. A review" @default.
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- W1995021177 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2004.9695170" @default.
- W1995021177 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15230052" @default.
- W1995021177 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.