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• W1995420920 abstract "<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney failure by mechanisms that involve oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC), a selective anticholinergic agent, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects. Therefore, we investigated the ability of PHC to ameliorate renal I/R injury in Sprague–Dawley rats. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Rats were randomly assigned to three groups (35 rats per group): sham operated, saline-treated I/R, and PHC-treated I/R. After removing the right kidney, renal I/R injury was induced by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion. The rats were administered PHC (0.45 mg/kg, intravenously) or saline 30 min before renal ischemia. The blood and kidneys were harvested at 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 h after reperfusion. Renal function and histologic changes were assessed. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys were also measured. <h3>Results</h3> PHC treatment significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and histologic damage caused by I/R injury. The treatment also decreased malondialdehyde level and attenuated the reduction in superoxide dismutase activity in the kidney. Moreover, the levels of activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and caspase 3 were lower in the PHC-treated animals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PHC protected rat kidneys from I/R injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Thus, PHC may represent a novel practical strategy for the treatment of renal I/R injury." @default.
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• W1995420920 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W1995420920 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W1995420920 title "Penehyclidine hydrochloride ameliorates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats" @default.
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• W1995420920 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.041" @default.
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