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• W1995942522 abstract "We conducted a study to estimate height in the older Chinese population by measuring fibula and arm length. The measurement of height in older people is essential for the calculation of body mass index, which is an important parameter of nutritional status, but its measurement is not always practical in frail older people who cannot stand. In the past, tibial length, humeral length, arm span, demispan, and knee height have all been chosen as anthropometric measurements to derive approximated standing height,1-13 but any knee flexion deformity or ankle deformity due to stroke or prolonged bed rest would make knee height measurement difficult because of the inability to position the joints at 90 degrees in accordance with the method used by Chumlea et al.1 Likewise, restriction of shoulder movement, as commonly found after stroke and arthritis, would preclude any accurate measurement of armspan. The fibula is used in the present study because it is one of the longest bones in the body and, in contrast to the femur, is less likely to suffer osteoporotic fractures in old age. It has easily identifiable surface landmarks, making it useful even in compromised postures, independent of the position of any joints. Arm length differs from demispan because it excludes the shoulder and wrist joints. It was chosen in the belief that the fewer joints involved, the less likely the measurement will be affected by joint deformities common in old age. Studies have been done using knee height in various ethnic groups including Caucasian,1, 3, 9, 10 Hispanic-American,13 Mexican-American,10 African-American,5 Japanese-American,7 and Thai11 populations for this purpose. Since the trunk/limb proportion has been found to be dependent on ethnicity,7, 13 we conducted a similar study in the Chinese population. Eighty older Chinese persons living in a residential home were recruited. All of them were able to stand for the height measurement. Nineteen were men and 61 were women. Their age ranged from 66 to 96 years (mean, 79.9 years). The subjects were asked to stand upright without shoes and look straight ahead while their standing heights were measured by a stadiometer to the nearest 0.5 cm. Arm length was measured on the left side by a measuring tape from the tip of the acromial process to the styloid process of the ulna. Fibula length was measured on the left side from the fibula head to the lateral malleolus. Multiple linear regression was used to establish the equation for the estimation of height from limb length. Using arm length, the regression equation is with multiple R = 0.85, F = 65.7, P < .001, see Figure 1. Scatter plot of standing height against arm length. Using fibular length, the regression equation is with multiple R = 0.81, F = 46.6, P < .001, see Figure 2. Scatter plot of standing height against fibula length. Note: (1) multiple R is the coefficient of multiple determination; (2) figure in parentheses is the standard error of the variable coefficient; and (3) for sex, male = 1 and female = 2. The fibula and arm lengths are comparable in terms of correlation with height (coefficient of multiple determination: 0.81 vs 0.85). The measurement of arm length and fibula length is practical and convenient. The surface landmarks for measurement are prominent and easy to identify. In the arm, shoulder mobilization is not required in arm-length measurement, in contrast to that of the demispan. This may prove useful for those with painful shoulders, a common problem in older adults. The fibula measurement is not affected by deformities of joints or soft tissue swelling such as ankle edema or knee effusion associated with arthritis, so common in the older population. Fibula length measurement is not affected by knee position, and does not require any joint mobilization. It can be easily measured from the lateral side, which is particularly useful when patients have tight adductor spasm, fixed flexion deformities, or painful arthritis. We recommend using fibula length in these circumstances. The main limitation of this study is the small sample size (N = 80) and that all subjects are living in an institute. They are more frail than community-dwelling older people, in whom progressive decline of height with age may differ. However, because malnourishment prevails in institutes, the establishment of nutritional status using this equation may be even more appropriate in this particular group of older people. Data on height estimation in the older Chinese population by long bone length are lacking. This formula could be used in the older Chinese population when measurement of standing height is impossible." @default.
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• W1995942522 date "2001-05-01" @default.
• W1995942522 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1995942522 title "Estimation of Height in Older Chinese Adults by Measuring Limb Length" @default.
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• W1995942522 doi "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49137.x" @default.
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