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- W1996034513 abstract "In their Report “Positive interactions promote public cooperation” (4 September, p. [1272][1]), D. G. Rand et al. find that targeted reward is at least as effective as targeted punishment in maintaining cooperation. In their experiment, infrequent reward may be sufficient because the group is small and interacts repeatedly. However, in real-world situations, punishment may be the more effective and cost-efficient option.In many real-world cases, unlike Rand et al. 's example, the cost to Player A of giving Player B a material reward is roughly the same as the benefit Player B receives from the reward. (The benefit of nonpecuniary rewards, such as praise, may exceed their cost considerably. Rand et al. suggest this, but their experiment is not set up to provide evidence.) Thus, the cost of cooperation is simply shifted to those who provide the reward. However, the threat of punishment provides a less costly lever to force cooperation, even when the threat must be carried out. The cost of a match and a gallon of gasoline is much less than cost to repair the damage they could cause. Likewise, nasty words can hurt much more than the effort it takes to say them.In real-world situations, when people are not interacting in a small group and when they are motivated by money, the threat of punishment is effective. Laws are based largely on this insight. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1177418" @default.
- W1996034513 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1996034513 date "2009-12-18" @default.
- W1996034513 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1996034513 title "Weighing Reward and Punishment" @default.
- W1996034513 doi "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.326.5960.1632-a" @default.
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