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- W1996711530 abstract "In a recent TREE perspective, Ruel and Ayres emphasized the role of Jensen’s inequality in predicting the effects of environmental variation 1 Ruel J.J Ayres M.P Jensen’s inequality predicts effects of environmental variation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1999; 14: 361-366 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (539) Google Scholar . We would like to draw attention to long-standing applications of Jensen’s inequality in life history theory. In a stochastic environment, the long-run population growth rate, , is an appropriate measure of fitness 2 Cohen D Optimizing reproduction in a randomly varying environment. J. Theor. Biol. 1966; 12: 119-129 Crossref PubMed Scopus (916) Google Scholar , 3 Metz J.A.J et al. How should we define ‘fitness’ for general ecological scenarios?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1992; 7: 198-202 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (805) Google Scholar . Because the logarithm function is concave, any variance in the annual growth rate, λ, around a constant average, , lowers fitness because (Jensen’s inequality). Thus, increasing environmental variance selects for strategies that decrease the variability of the annual growth rate 4 Gillespie J.H Natural selection for variances in offspring numbers: a new evolutionary principle. Am. Nat. 1977; 111: 1010-1014 Crossref Google Scholar ; for example, by reducing reproductive effort if juveniles are more sensitive to environmental stochasticity than adults 5 Schaffer W.M Optimal reproductive effort in fluctuating environments. Am. Nat. 1974; 108: 783-790 Crossref Google Scholar , by decreasing fecundity if smaller clutches are buffered more against fluctuations in environmental conditions or by using various bet-hedging strategies 6 Philippi T Seger J Hedging one’s evolutionary best, revisited. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1989; 4: 41-44 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (613) Google Scholar ." @default.
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- W1996711530 title "Jensen’s inequality and optimal life history strategies in stochastic environments" @default.
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- W1996711530 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01801-7" @default.
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