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• W1996756087 endingPage "159" @default.
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• W1996756087 abstract "Bone is susceptible to early diagenesis, and its carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions have been suggested to reflect conditions in the soil environment and shallow subsurface during fossilization. This implies open-system recrystallization involving mass exchange of carbon and oxygen among bioapatite, soil water, and DIC. Such recrystallization would also redistribute isotopic clumping (including 13C–18O bonds), leading to the possibility that the carbonate clumped isotope compositions of fossil bone record ground temperature during early diagenesis. We assess this possibility by studying Quaternary mammalian fossil bone from subtropical to polar latitudes: if recrystallization is early and pervasive, clumped isotope derived temperatures, T(Δ47), should closely mirror latitudinal gradients in ground temperature. Excluding results from a mummified specimen yielding T(Δ47) = 38 °C (that is, indistinguishable from mammalian body temperature), we find that T(Δ47) values are intermediate between mammalian body temperature and ground temperature, suggesting partial recrystallization of bone carbonate. XRD analyses show that the nature and extent of diagenesis varies among the samples and does not relate in a straightforward manner to T(Δ47). No clear correlation exists between T(Δ47) and mean annual temperature or mean warm season temperature. Furthermore, bone tends to retain the 18O-enriched signature of body water, suggesting incomplete oxygen isotope exchange with meteoric waters. Incomplete carbon and oxygen isotope exchange between bone carbonate and soil waters is also indicated for a set of late Miocene bone–enamel pairs from a sequence of stacked paleosols in northern China. Analysis of bone as old as Early Cretaceous shows that bone carbonate is susceptible to later diagenesis at elevated burial temperatures, although T(Δ47) does not closely conform to maximum burial temperature, again suggesting partial recrystallization, or recrystallization during different stages of the burial and exhumation circuit. These results show that carbon, oxygen, and ‘clumped’ isotopes in fossil bone are capable of recording aspects of early diagenesis and the subsequent burial and exhumation history, but that distinguishing among different effects is challenging. However, clumped isotopes in bone can provide useful directional constraints on past temperatures. For example, T(Δ47) values higher than body temperature necessarily place lower limits on maximum burial temperatures, and those lower than body temperature place upper limits on minimum fossilization temperatures." @default.
• W1996756087 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1996756087 creator A5040439570 @default.
• W1996756087 creator A5086247082 @default.
• W1996756087 date "2014-09-01" @default.
• W1996756087 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1996756087 title "Assessment of the clumped isotope composition of fossil bone carbonate as a recorder of subsurface temperatures" @default.
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• W1996756087 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.026" @default.
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