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- W1996838741 abstract "Since the mid-1950s, native pines in the San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) in southern California have shown symptoms of decline. Initial studies in 1963 showed that ozone (O 3 ) generated in the upwind Los Angeles Basin was responsible for the injury and decline of sensitive trees. Ambient O 3 decreased significantly by the mid-1990s, resulting in decreased O 3 injury and improved tree growth. Increased growth of trees may also be attributed to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Since most of the N deposition to mixed conifer forest stands in the SBM results from dry deposition of nitric acid vapor (HNO 3 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ), characterization of spatial and temporal distribution of these two pollutants has become essential. Although maximum daytime O 3 concentrations over last 40 years have significantly decreased (~3-fold), seasonal means have been reduced much less (~1.5-fold), with 2-week long means occasionally exceeding 100 ppb in the western part of the range. In the same area, significantly elevated concentrations of HNO 3 and NH 3 , up to 17.5 and 18.5 μg/m 3 as 2-week averages, respectively, have been determined. Elevated levels of O 3 and increased N deposition together with long-term drought predispose the SBM forests to massive bark beetle attacks making them susceptible to catastrophic fires." @default.
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- W1996838741 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W1996838741 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
- W1996838741 title "Air Pollution Distribution Patterns in the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California: a 40-Year Perspective" @default.
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- W1996838741 doi "https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.57" @default.
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