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- W1997084620 abstract "Imprisonment came into penal practice as a substitute for corporal and capital punishments and not as a device to make men good. Apparently it was conceived of as softer, less painful, less horrifying for the convicted criminal than the otherwise familiar and traditional brutalities of crude and savage abuse of the body. The object of punishment, then as now, was to frighten the culprit through painful experience so that he would not again yield to temptation and commit crime. Imprisonment as a substitute penalty therefore had to be a sufficiently unpleasant and disagreeable experience so that the inmate would be as thoroughly frightened at the evil consequences of his criminality as if his punishment had been an agonizing ordeal of physical pain. Yet concern for the consequences of punishment is implicit in the very idea itself. Theoretically, punishment should lead to a change in behavior so that the individual who has been properly punished will not again become involved in misdeeds. If he continues to misbehave, it has usually been taken to mean that the punishment was somehow inappropriate, principally that it was not sufficiently severe. Characteristic of this whole frame of reference is the basic principle of some kind of scale of severity increasing with the seriousness of or the repetition of the offense. As a normal consequence, imprisonment was first used as a substitute penalty in the punishment of petty crimes. Vagrants and sturdy beggars were incarcerated in workhouses or jails as a substitute for whipping, branding, and other mutilations long before imprisonment began to be used as a suitable punishment for more serious offenses. When imprisonment began to be used for many kinds of offenses, it was nevertheless on the general assumption that it was less severe as punishment than the penalties for which it was substituted." @default.
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- W1997084620 date "1954-05-01" @default.
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- W1997084620 title "Does the Prison Reform?" @default.
- W1997084620 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/000271625429300107" @default.
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