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• W1997513618 endingPage "168" @default.
• W1997513618 startingPage "160" @default.
• W1997513618 abstract "Crowding, the inability to recognize objects in clutter, sets a fundamental limit on conscious visual perception and object recognition throughout most of the visual field. Despite how widespread and essential it is to object recognition, reading and visually guided action, a solid operational definition of what crowding is has only recently become clear. The goal of this review is to provide a broad-based synthesis of the most recent findings in this area, to define what crowding is and is not, and to set the stage for future work that will extend our understanding of crowding well beyond low-level vision. Here we define six diagnostic criteria for what counts as crowding, and further describe factors that both escape and break crowding. All of these lead to the conclusion that crowding occurs at multiple stages in the visual hierarchy. Crowding, the inability to recognize objects in clutter, sets a fundamental limit on conscious visual perception and object recognition throughout most of the visual field. Despite how widespread and essential it is to object recognition, reading and visually guided action, a solid operational definition of what crowding is has only recently become clear. The goal of this review is to provide a broad-based synthesis of the most recent findings in this area, to define what crowding is and is not, and to set the stage for future work that will extend our understanding of crowding well beyond low-level vision. Here we define six diagnostic criteria for what counts as crowding, and further describe factors that both escape and break crowding. All of these lead to the conclusion that crowding occurs at multiple stages in the visual hierarchy. delayed or prolonged physiological or psychological response following exposure to a stimulus. developmental abnormality that results from physiological alterations in the visual cortex and impairs form vision (from the Greek, amblyos for blunt and opia for vision). difference in the extent of crowding when measured along different axes. where in the visual field, relative to the locus of fixation, a stimulus appears. object or feature that is close to the target and is irrelevant to the observer's task. Sometimes referred to as a distractor. uniformity in all directions. capacity of a feature, object or neuron to influence the perception (or excitation) of a neighboring feature, object or neuron. condition affecting mostly older adults that results in a loss of central vision due to degenerative changes in the macula (the part of the retina with the highest cone density that is responsible for high visual acuity and reading). It is the leading cause of blindness in Americans over 65 years of age. type of backward visual masking (see below) in which the visibility of a brief target stimulus is reduced when a second, non-overlapping but adjacent stimulus is presented in quick succession. reduction in visibility of a visual stimulus or of neuronal firing rate caused by the presentation of a surrounding stimulus. reduction in visibility of a visual stimulus (target) caused by the presentation of a second stimulus, either at the same time as the target (simultaneous masking), before the target (forward masking) or following the target (backward masking)." @default.
• W1997513618 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1997513618 creator A5021202828 @default.
• W1997513618 creator A5047462600 @default.
• W1997513618 date "2011-04-01" @default.
• W1997513618 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W1997513618 title "Visual crowding: a fundamental limit on conscious perception and object recognition" @default.
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