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• W1997562655 abstract "Mixed conifer forests in southern California are exposed to elevated levels of ozone (O3) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Growing season 12-h daily average O3 levels are 0.06–0.09 ppm, and N deposition rates are 5–45 kg N/ha per year. However, N deposition rates have high spatial variability due to the heterogeneous and open-patchy characteristics of these stands. Annual deposition fluxes are greatest to canopy-covered areas with high pollution exposure. The harmful effects of O3 on sensitive pines are well documented, and selected areas in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains have reached N-saturation as demonstrated by high nitrate (NO3−) export in streams, and a suite of plant and edaphic indicators. The adverse effects of O3 culminate at the community level as a result of chronic effects on pine needle structure, retention, and physiology. Alterations in whole-tree biomass occur after several years due to higher carbon retention in the shoot for O3 detoxification, and lower carbon allocation to roots, as a result of O3 and N deposition. As a consequence, tree susceptibility to drought, windthrow, and root diseases could be exacerbated. Changes in forest community structure may occur due to the death of O3-sensitive pines and fire suppression, and pine replacement by faster-growing, O3-tolerant cedar and fir species. The negative impact of atmospheric N deposition occurs at the ecosystem-level as an alteration of biogeochemical nutrient cycling. For trees growing on N-deficient soils, increased supplies of N could moderate harmful O3 effects on growth for several decades. Over time, levels of soil N rise due to sustained inputs from the atmosphere, and the accelerated production and senescence of N-rich foliage by O3. The increase in soil N is expected to favor the proliferation of nitrophilous overstory and understory species relative to pines. At this stage, N-limitation of forest productivity would be partially alleviated, and N emissions from soil and NO3− leaching losses elevated as a result of high soil N availability. In the western San Bernardino Mountains and in low-elevation chaparral watersheds in the San Gabriel Mountains, NO3− levels in streams are as high or higher than in any other undisturbed montane watersheds in North America, and NO3− contamination of domestic water supplies is of near-term concern. The effects of chronic O3 exposure and N deposition are expected to become more prevalent in the southern Sierra Nevada as human populations and influences in adjacent areas increase in the coming years." @default.
• W1997562655 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1997562655 date "2001-04-01" @default.
• W1997562655 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1997562655 title "Current and future effects of ozone and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on California’s mixed conifer forests" @default.
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• W1997562655 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00368-6" @default.
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