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• W1997934690 abstract "“Research” is a word that has shades of meaning. The medical student who consults one or two books and a few articles in preparing a paper on Sir William Osler is doing research of a kind; Harvey Cushing did research on an entirely different plane for the writing of his classic biography. The teen-age boy who thoughtfully dissects the brain of a cat is a researcher in one sense of the word but it is a sense quite different from that applying to the professional investigator in neurology. Only that form of research deserving to be recognized as such in medicine and allied sciences is characterized here. The principles of such research have been set forth many a time and by persons whose approaches are variously shaped by the fields in which they work. Yet there is general agreement on basic principles. There is no more able an exposition than the one by Claude Bernard (1); written nearly seven decades ago, the book describes essentials of scientific method that are permanent. As a beginning, let research be defined by relating the effort of an individual to the field in which his investigation lies. Research, from this standpoint, may be viewed as an activity that promises to add something to what is already known. Its end is not merely the satisfaction of the curiosity of the researcher, and his knowledge alone is not the measure of what is already known; the amassed literature bearing on the topic of investigation is the frame of reference. Here, then, is one important difference between the student and the scholarly biographer, a difference between the boy and the professional neurologist. The additions to the store of knowledge are various: the entirely new, the old approached in new ways, the old that is either verified or opened to question. The word “promises” was inserted in the definition to emphasize that results are not always forthcoming in spite of careful planning and execution. It should be remembered, too, that promise of results in one direction may have unforeseen yields, as witnessed by the many discoveries made by “accident” in the course of investigations designed for purposes unrelated to these discoveries. It is of interest next to examine two unlike aims of research. A distinction is made between applied science and “pure” science. An outlook for some usefulness is the criterion of research in applied science, regardless of whether the outlook is actually fulfilled in a specific investigation. Cohn's (2) succint statement illustrates this point of view: “The ultimate meaning or purpose of medical research is to rid men of diseases, to protect them from maladies with which they are threatened, to relieve them of discomforts once they are estabblished.” Dale's (3) phrasing of the same thought in regard to medical research is that “material benefit to human life and health must surely be accepted as the ultimate aim.” Any research that is clearly directed toward a practical accomplishment is in applied science." @default.
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• W1997934690 date "1951-11-01" @default.
• W1997934690 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1997934690 title "The Anatomy of Research" @default.
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• W1997934690 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/57.5.752" @default.
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