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• W1998118643 abstract "The high economic growth in Arab Gulf Co-operation Countries (GCCs) during the oil boom of the 1970s and early 1980s resulted in a shortage in the number of workers needed to support the growing economy.' The swift transformation of the economy from an economy based on nomadic trade, fishing and agriculture to an economy based on hydrocarbon, construction and service industries using modem technological production processes, created a need for a new breed of skilled workers not available locally.2 As a result, GCCs witnessed a major influx of foreign labour. N. Farjani3 reported that at least 25 per cent of the 20 million migrant workers in the world in the 1980s were employed in the GCCs. In a region of a population of 17 to 25 million in mid 1990s there were over 12 million foreign workers.4 Available data indicate that in the 1990s the percentage of expatriates to local workers in the six GCCs countries is expected to be around 90 per cent in United Arab Emirates, 83 per cent in Qatar, 82 per cent in Kuwait, 69 per cent in Saudi Arabia, 60 per cent in Bahrain and 67 per cent in Oman. Localization in the private sector has led the economic, social and political debate in GCCs in the 1990s. The aim of localization, as stated in GCCs' development plans, is to replace non-locals with appropriately qualified and willing to work local manpower in all occupations and to continue the development of local manpower to produce a pool of human resources able to cater for the needs of the economy. Three key factors have caused localization to dominate the economic development policy in GCCs in the 1990s. Firstly, the sharp decline in oil prices in the mid-1980s led to a substantial decrease in oil revenues and marked an end to the oil boom era. As a result, GCCs have been embarking on a cost cutting strategy to reduce the budget deficit. The average budget deficit to GDP for the six GCCs was close to 4.7 per cent in 1997 down from 10 in 1993 and 14 per cent in 1990 and total expenditures of the six GCCs were reduced from $86 billion in 1992 to $73 billion in 1995.5 Available data reveal that during the 1988 and 1993 period remittances by foreign workers have played a major role in the" @default.
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• W1998118643 date "2000-07-01" @default.
• W1998118643 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W1998118643 title "Local workers in Gulf co‐operation countries: assets or liabilities?" @default.
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• W1998118643 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200008701323" @default.
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