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- W1998372237 abstract "Ray Kurzweil (Letters, Science 's Compass, 16 July, p. [339][1]) responds to my review ( Science 's Compass, 30 Apr., p. [745][2]) of his The Age of Spiritual Machines (Viking, New York, 1999) as follows.1. 1) My review “mires the reader in obscure and misleading factual objections.” Kurzweil attempts a history of computing; in history, facts matter. He challenges only one of my historical objections, concerning the UNIVAC computer. His book, in an entry labeled “1950,” says, “Eckert and Mauchley develop UNIVAC, the first commercially marketed computer. It is used to compile the results of the U.S. census” (p. 269). In fact UNIVAC was under more or less continuous development from 1947; it was not the first commercially marketed computer, nor was it operational until 1951.2. 2) I “drag out old anti-artificial-intelligence (AI) arguments.” I do not. Rather, I hold that make-believe about basic conceptual issues, such as we find in Kurzweil's book, are hindering AI.3. 3) I complain “about anthropomorphizing, but there is no harm….” In AI, anthropomorphizing leads to an emphasis on human qualities that are irrelevant to, and a distraction from, the real aims of AI.4. 4) My review “ignores [the book's] salient arguments….” I do not detect any, only fantasy, Kurzweil's own “laws” of physics, unjustified assertions, and factual errors.His letter is no different. For example, Kurzweil insists that Wittgenstein's Tractatus is about the brain, supporting this with a fallacious argument. In fact, the Tractatus is a technical work of symbolic and philosophical logic and abstract metaphysics and has nothing to say about the brain. Moreover, when Wittgenstein later did discuss the brain, he denied precisely Kurzweil's argument, that to talk about “thinking” or “knowing” is to talk about brain activity. Kurzweil also says that “there is nothing to prevent these efforts [modest connectionist experiments] from scaling up to the entire human brain.” How could he, or anyone else, possibly know this, given the vast discrepancy in scale that is involved (there are perhaps as many as 1014 neurons in the human brain)? [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.285.5426.337g [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.284.5415.745" @default.
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- W1998372237 date "1999-08-06" @default.
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- W1998372237 title "Facts about Artificial Intelligence" @default.
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