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• W1999292009 abstract "Two electric field and X-ray measuring balloons have been flown from Great Whale River, Canada, near the foot of the magnetic field line on which a barium cloud was released in the magnetosphere. VLF whistler techniques were used at Great Whale, at Roberval, Canada (L ∼ 4), and at Byrd, Antarctica, to obtain information on magnetospheric electron density near the plasmapause and on equatorial electric fields within the plasmasphere at L ∼ 2.7. Electric fields obtained from the balloon data agreed with those deduced from ground magnetometer records, and these two sets of data disagreed with those obtained from observations of the barium cloud motion and VLF whistlers. Because the independent ionospheric and equatorial measurements were internally consistent but disagreed with each other, these discrepancies may be due to effects of parallel electric fields or of perpendicular fields induced by changing magnetic fields. Alternatively, they may be due to spatial variations between the different measurement locations. No electric field variations attributable to the cloud were found. Electron density was found from whistlers to be 38 ± 16 el/cc at L = 4.5, which is characteristic of the low-density region beyond the plasmapause during quieting conditions when the electron density is in the process of slow (several-day) recovery to plasmasphere levels. Extrapolation of the measurements from L ∼ 4.5 to L ∼ 6 provides an estimate of ne = 16 ± 7 el/cc at the position of barium release. The ground station appeared to overtake a region of larger plasmasphere radius near ∼0600 UT, or local midnight. This is interpreted as evidence of quieting that is accompanied by continued low-level convection activity, a condition consistent with the reported electric field measurements. The intensity of X rays measured on the balloon was unaffected by the barium release. The implication of this result on the possible precipitation of energetic particles by the barium release depends on the area over which the precipitation occurred, such that an assumed large-scale precipitation would be consistent with the X-ray data only if the precipitated flux was less than ∼1% of the trapped flux, whereas precipitated fluxes as large as the trapped flux would be possible if they occurred over confined spatial regions. In view of the constancy of the trapped energetic particle fluxes measured on ATS 5, this latter possibility seems unlikely. That the release did not affect electric fields or trapped particles is consistent with expectations because of the low level of magnetic activity and the trapped particle fluxes on the night of interest." @default.
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• W1999292009 date "1973-09-01" @default.
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• W1999292009 title "Balloon and VLF whistler measurements of electric fields, equatorial electron density, and precipitating particles during a barium cloud release in the magnetosphere" @default.
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• W1999292009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/ja078i025p05736" @default.
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