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- W1999623014 abstract "‘Arc system’ is used here as a collective term for a variety of arcs that occur along continental margins or in oceanic plates; it includes associated units from adjacent plates. Four major arc systems (Mariana-, Japan-, Cordilleraand Alaska-type) can be distinguished along the Circum-Pacific region. Some Japan-type arc systems in ancient orogens (e.g. the Altaids) may have been largely regarded as microcontinents because they have so-called Precambrian basement. Often the Cordillera-type arc systems can be very complicated, and if they are rifted away from the host continent they become more difficult to recognize. Commonly these arc systems interact mutually and with continental marginal sequences, leading to complicated accretionary and collisional orogens. The alternation between Western Pacific archipelagos and the Eastern Pacific active margin is the stereotype of accretionary and collisional orogenesis. More importantly, these four main types of arc systems can be juxtaposed into a final orogenic collage, which is another main expression of accretionary orogenesis. Only some parts of accretionary and collisional orogens can be terminated by attachment of a continent-size craton such as Tarim or even India, and even so the accretionary and collisional processes may continue elsewhere along strike. The significance of the interactions among these arc systems and their final juxtaposition has not been fully appreciated in ancient orogens. The Altaids together with the Circum-Pacific orogens offers a good opportunity to study such accretionary–collisional orogenesis. Orogens on Earth are subdivided into two types: collisional and accretionary (Windley 1995, 1998; Cawood et al. 2009). However, to distinguish between these two types of orogenesis is sometimes not easy, as each includes some aspects of the other. Collisional orogens have long been a major target of investigations, with the Tethys–Himalaya and Appalachian orogens as the classic examples, but even these collisional orogens also show a long history of accretion before final collision (Dewey 1969; Allegre et al. 1984; Chang et al. 1986, 1989; Bradley 1989; Grapes & Watanabe 1992; Van Staal 1994; Yin & Harrison 2000; Liou et al. 2004; Ratschbacher et al. 2004; Aikman et al. 2008; Santosh et al. 2009). In the mean time, accretionary orogens such as the North American Cordillera and the Altaids also have long been regarded as major sites with complicated accretionary and collisional geodynamic processes (Fig. 1; von Huene & Scholl 1991; Sengor et al. 1993; Kimura 1994; Kusky 1997; Condie 2000; Jahn et al. 2000; Van der Voo 2004; Kroner et al. 2007). Accretionary orogens are increasingly noted for their considerable continental lateral enlargement and vertical growth with world-class metallogeny (Sillitoe 1974; Heinhorst et al. 2000; Jahn et al. 2000; Jenchuraeva 2001; Yakubchuk et al. 2001; Gray et al. 2002; Goldfarb et al. 2003; Xiao et al. 2008a). Therefore accretionary orogens actually have full records that can be studied to better understand the geodynamic evolution of mountain ranges on Earth. They have been the subject of many international efforts worldwide (Cawood & Buchan 2007; Condie 2007; Brown 2009; Cawood et al. 2009; Hall 2009), including international programmes such as the International Lithosphere Program (ILP), International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP), and recently launched joint projects from European, American, and Asian From: Kusky, T. M., Zhai, M.-G. & Xiao, W. (eds) The Evolving Continents: Understanding Processes of Continental Growth. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 338, 35–53. DOI: 10.1144/SP338.3 0305-8719/10/$15.00 # The Geological Society of London 2010. countries (Hall & Spakman 2002; Pfander et al. 2002; Tomurtogoo et al. 2005; Helo et al. 2006; Cawood & Buchan 2007; Condie 2007; Kroner et al. 2007; Windley et al. 2007; Brown 2009; Cawood et al. 2009; Hall 2009; Xiao et al. 2009a, c). However, there is still controversy about the tectonic architecture and evolution of accretionary orogens, for which there are two major schools of thought: amalgamation of multiple terrane–ocean systems or accretion in terms of a single forearc (Ingersoll & Schweickert 1986; Mossakovsky et al. 1993; Sengor et al. 1993; Busby & Ingersoll 1995; Dickinson 1995; Sengor & Natal’in 1996a, b; Yakubchuk 2004, 2008). The focus of much controversy has centred on the recognition and interpretation of high-grade metamorphic rocks in some certain terranes. The proponents of multiple terrane–ocean systems have interpreted some highgrade gneiss–schist complexes as microcontinents (Chamberlain & Lambert 1985; Mossakovsky et al. 1993; Salnikova et al. 2001; Vaughan & Livermore 2005; Kozakov et al. 2007), and this model would necessitate some degree of collision (Mossakovsky et al. 1993). On the other hand, some highgrade gneiss–schist complexes have been interpreted as the basement or components of arcs and accretionary complexes, which emphasizes the role of accretion (Haeussler et al. 1995; Kozakov et al. 1999; Kuzmichev et al. 2001; Salnikova et al. 2001). The Altaids of Central Asia and the CircumPacific including the Cordillera of Western North America are among the largest accretionary orogens (Fig. 1) that record considerable Phanerozoic continental growth (Coleman 1989; Sengor & Okurogullari 1991; Mascle et al. 1996; Condie 2000; Jahn et al. 2004; Van der Voo 2004). Both offer an opportunity to unravel the basic evolutionary history of accretionary orogens and they address the above controversy. This paper presents a comparative study of the palaeogeography and evolution of these orogens." @default.
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- W1999623014 date "2010-01-01" @default.
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- W1999623014 title "Transitions among Mariana-, Japan-, Cordillera- and Alaska-type arc systems and their final juxtapositions leading to accretionary and collisional orogenesis" @default.
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