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• W1999814923 abstract "In 1809 Thomas Jefferson sketched out boundaries of his world. The plat of his mountaintop at Monticello depicted crop fields and livestock grazing areas; it showed angled loops of roundabouts that followed natural contours of land. But at center of roads and fields and orchards, Jefferson painstakingly drew right angles of his house within circle of his lawn. And running perpendicular to house and dependencies, edged along Orchard Plane, was a line of dwellings and workshops, all inhabited by Jefferson's slaves. These two proximate areas-the main house and Mulberry Row-lay at core of Monticello plantation. They were sites of industry, of domesticity, and, most important, of improvement. In mapping out his lands, what Jefferson conveyed was an ordered world and an ordered farm.1 His was an improved landscape where slavery existed, true enough, but only in its most improved and benevolent form. What he hoped to establish at Monticello-and replicate throughout American nation-was a more being.2Jefferson's attitude toward slavery at Monticello was part of his grander vision of civility and progress in America. For him, republican Revolution of 1776 represented a new mode of civilization centered in New Worldits consequences would ameliorate condition of man over a great portion of globe.3 In Jefferson's view, amelioration was provincial inflection of European model of progress; it was process by which America would transition itself from a provincial slave-holding society to an independent and legitimate member of Atlantic family of nations.4 In wake of Revolution, Jefferson's goal of national was hindered primarily by presence of slaves in America. For young republic to become as civilized as Europe, he believed, its commerce and institutions had to resemble those of Old World. Thus, both slavery and slave trade would have to be eradicated from American ports and plantations in favor of free commerce and free labor.In Jefferson's imagination, amelioration encompassed several stages of national and moral development. First, Americans would abolish slave trade. Citizens, Jefferson declared in 1806, would . . . from all further participation in those violations of human rights which have been so long continued on unoffending inhabitants of Africa to promote the morality, reputation, and best interests of our country.5 Even those South Carolinians and Georgians who depended on trade in Africans would soon withdraw in favor of new, enlightened commerce. Second, American slave owners would improve their bondsmen as they improved themselves. As white masters established ties of reciprocal obligation and sympathy with their slaves, they would prepare themselves-and their enslaved men and women-for emancipation and repatriation of all African slaves. Only with slaves placed outside union, Jefferson thought, could America ever hope to become a legitimate, civilized nation that could gain admission to world of European states.Of course, Jefferson's formulation of national progress was not exceptional. Many Virginia patriots, including Patrick Henry, opposed continuation of trans-Atlantic slave trade and of slavery. Henry believed that an interim period of improvement should take place between abolition of slave trade and emancipation. In a speech to Virginia House of Burgesses, Henry declared that though a time will come . . . to abolish this lamentable Evil, that moment had not yet arrived. Still, in interim, every thing we can do is to improve it. Henry advised that Virginians transmit to our descendants together with our Slaves, a pity for their unhappy Lot, &. an abhorrence for Slavery. Indeed, he stipulated, let us treat unhappy victims with lenity, &it is furthest advance we can make toward Justice. …" @default.
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• W1999814923 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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• W1999814923 title "''The great improvement and civilization of that race'': Jefferson and the ''Amelioration'' of Slavery, ca. 1770–1826" @default.
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• W1999814923 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/eam.2008.0005" @default.
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