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- W1999821540 abstract "The Rural Past-in-Present and Postwar Sub/urban Progress Stacy Denton (bio) Introduction The suburban ideal of the postwar (mid-1940s to the late-1960s) United States, like other eras of suburban development, has been widely studied as a reflection of the fears, desires, and aspirations of its society. Such studies portray the postwar suburb as what Dolores Hayden calls a “landscape of the imagination where Americans situate ambitions for upward mobility and economic security.”1 Scholars have also pointed out that such a landscape was geared toward particular members of American society. For example, Kenneth Jackson has pointed to the implications surrounding the government policies that “supported the income and racial segregation of suburbia” so that only a select few had access to the dream of suburban home ownership: those who aspired to upward mobility and the appearance of middle-classness, and who were also white.2 As a result, the suburban ideal and the white middle class who participated in such an ideal has been seen as an expression of racist tendencies and a desire to separate from inner-city minorities.3 In addition to maintaining a physical separation from racial minorities, it also seems that a cultural separation was maintained between white middle-class suburbanites and the white working class and working poor generally speaking, and in particular, those who were associated with the rural spaces into which the suburbs were built. Postwar discourse illustrates that the shared whiteness [End Page 119] of these middle-class suburbanites and white working-class rural inhabitants created a dilemma that was in turn framed through the larger conceptions surrounding rurality. Rurality in the postwar was simultaneously idealized through a nostalgic lens and devalued as the province of the most retrograde members of society, considered a mere backdrop against which the postwar forged ahead. And although it is clear that the national imagination was concerned with other races who also occupied a working-class rural position during this period, it is also true that rurality (even when associated with specific “southern” regions) was largely coded as a white space, either implicitly or explicitly, in a discourse concerned with the arising middle-class suburbia.4 The intersection of class and geography in postwar discourse was thus used to centralize the markers of postwar progress and development associated with a white middle-classed sub/urban development, while overwriting those places and people—including the rural, white working class—that fell outside such appearances. Even the briefest look at the US Census illustrates that such discourse is a reaction to the rapid population shifts toward suburbanization that was occurring throughout the postwar period. One measure of the suburbanization of the United States can be seen in the steadily decreasing percentage of people living in rural areas; by 1970 the population of rural areas decreased to 26 percent as compared to 36 percent in 1950.5 In addition to migratory shifts that could result in this decreasing rural population, it should also be noted that in 1950 the census adopted a new definition of what constituted the “urban” to account for the “many large and built-up places [that would be] excluded from the urban territory” as defined in earlier censuses.6 This new definition clearly refers to the suburban development that extended into previously rural areas, classified as an extension of the urban in contrast to the rural locations into which such development was occurring. This distinction—the sub/urban as differentiated from the rural—can also be seen in regard to the differences (or at least the appearance of differences) in class. According to the 1970 census, for example, the percentage of those living near or below the poverty level was greater for rural residents as compared to their sub/urban counterparts, and this was a disparity that held for all races (though it is important to note that the percentage of minorities who suffered poverty was greater than white residents in both rural and urban areas).7 This disparity is highlighted further when “urban” and “rural” are broken down into categories of metropolitan (inside and outside of central cities), “Areas of 1,000,000 or more,” and nonmetropolitan (including urban and..." @default.
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- W1999821540 title "The Rural Past-in-Present and Postwar Sub/urban Progress" @default.
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- W1999821540 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2014.0090" @default.
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