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• W2000116124 abstract "IPCs have repeatedly been shown to be safe and well tolerated, with low levels of infection and high rates of symptomatic relief [5] . They also demonstrably reduce inpatient stays in both the long and short term [6, 7] . Originally used as a fall-back device in cases of failed pleurodesis or trapped lung, there is a growing consensus that they can be offered to patients as a first-line treatment [7] , effectively trading the idea of pleurodesis being the priority for an acceptance that it is occasionally in a patient’s best interests to simply manage symptoms. In this issue of Respiration , Boshuizen et al. [8] report a series of 50 IPCs, most of which were inserted as primary therapy for MPE. Echoing what has been reported before, their cohort demonstrates a significant reduction in both repeat pleural procedures and inpatient stay when compared to talc pleurodesis, alongside low rates of complications. Perhaps the most novel aspect of the study is the recording of the direct costs of IPC use in a European country – data which may help to more accurately determine the long-term cost-effectiveness of IPCs. The limited work in this area has consistently been based on costs and models of treatment from the USA [9–11] , with flaws demonstrable in all studies. This current report also notes that there can be significant variability between the direct costs of using an IPC depending on disease subtype and cancer treatment success, highlighting once more the heterogeneity of survival amongst MPE patients and perhaps The development of the indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) has revolutionized the management of recurrent pleural effusions, and, in particular, those caused by malignancy. Apart from cases of mesothelioma, malignant pleural effusions (MPEs), by definition, represent metastatic disease and are hence associated with severely reduced survival times and limited curative options. Although survival can extend beyond 1 year, the majority of studies show that an average of 4–6 months can be expected [1] , with patient mortality sometimes being measured in weeks from first diagnosis [2] depending on the tumor subgroup. In the face of such aggressive disease, even a short period of hospitalization can immeasurably disrupt a patient’s remaining quality of life, potentially invoking a sense of helplessness and disempowerment. With this in mind, it may be seen as frustrating that the traditional management options for MPE have been largely limited to inpatient procedures. Chemical pleurodesis, usually with sterile talc, attempts to prevent fluid recurrence over the mediumto long-term. In spite of being successful in the majority of cases [3] , this approach often requires patients to remain in hospital for many days [4] . Continual and global increases in both direct costs and the burden on hospital resources mean that admission avoidance for MPE can lead to significant benefit for both patients and healthcare providers. Published online: September 5, 2013" @default.
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• W2000116124 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W2000116124 title "Indwelling Pleural Catheters for Ambulatory Out-Patient Care: A Price Worth Paying?" @default.
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• W2000116124 doi "https://doi.org/10.1159/000354184" @default.
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