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• W2000269997 abstract "In Xenopus, factors with the ability to establish the germ line are localized in the vegetal pole cytoplasm, or germ plasm, of the early embryo [1Blackler AW Contribution to the study of germ cells in the Anura.J Embryol Exp Morph. 1958; 6: 491-503PubMed Google Scholar, 2Smith LD Role of a germinal plasm in the formation of primordial germ cells in Rana pipiens.Dev Biol. 1966; 14: 330-347Crossref PubMed Scopus (130) Google Scholar, 3Ikenishi K Nakazato S Okuda T Direct evidence for the presence of germ cell determinant in vegetal pole cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis and in a subcellular fraction of it.Dev Growth Differ. 1986; 28: 563-568Crossref Scopus (41) Google Scholar]. The germ plasm of Xenopus, and of many other animal species including Drosophila, contains electron-dense germinal granules which may be essential for germ-line formation [4Beams HW Kessel RG The problem of germ cell determinants.Int Rev Cytol. 1974; 39: 413-479Crossref PubMed Scopus (140) Google Scholar, 5Eddy EM Germ plasm and differentiation of the germ line.Int Rev Cytol. 1975; 43: 229-280Crossref PubMed Scopus (487) Google Scholar]. Several components of the germinal granules have so far been identified in Drosophila[6Hay B Ackerman L Barbel S Jan LY Jan YN Identification of a component of Drosophila polar granules.Development. 1988; 103: 625-640PubMed Google Scholar, 7Bardsley A McDonald K Boswell RE Distribution of tudor protein in the Drosophila embryo suggests separation of functions based on site of localization.Development. 1993; 119: 207-219PubMed Google Scholar, 8Kobayashi S Amikura R Okada M Presence of mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA outside mitochondria in germ plasm of Drosophila melanogaster.Science. 1993; 260: 1521-1524Crossref PubMed Scopus (135) Google Scholar, 9Amikura R Kobayashi S Saito H Okada M Changes in subcellular localization of mtlrRNA outside mitochondria in oogenesis and early embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster.Dev Growth Differ. 1996; 38: 489-498Crossref Scopus (17) Google Scholar, 10Breitwieser W Markussen F-H Horstmann H Ephrussi A Oskar protein interaction with Vasa represents an essential step in polar granule assembly.Genes Dev. 1996; 10: 2179-2188Crossref PubMed Scopus (165) Google Scholar]. One of these is mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mtlrRNA), which is present in the germinal granules (polar granules) during the cleavage stage until the formation of the germ-line progenitors or pole cells [8Kobayashi S Amikura R Okada M Presence of mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA outside mitochondria in germ plasm of Drosophila melanogaster.Science. 1993; 260: 1521-1524Crossref PubMed Scopus (135) Google Scholar, 9Amikura R Kobayashi S Saito H Okada M Changes in subcellular localization of mtlrRNA outside mitochondria in oogenesis and early embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster.Dev Growth Differ. 1996; 38: 489-498Crossref Scopus (17) Google Scholar]. MtlrRNA has been identified as a factor that induces pole cells in embryos that have been sterilized by ultraviolet radiation [[11]Kobayashi S Okada M Restoration of pole-cell-forming ability to UV-irradiated Drosophila embryos by injection of mitochondrial lrRNA.Development. 1989; 107: 733-742PubMed Google Scholar]. The reduction of mtlrRNA in germ plasm by injecting anti-mtlrRNA ribozymes into embryos leads to the inability of these embryos to form pole cells [[12]lida T Kobayashi S Essential role of mitochondrially-encoded large rRNA for germ-line formation in Drosophila embryos.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998; 95: 11274-11278Crossref PubMed Scopus (77) Google Scholar]. These observations clearly show that mtlrRNA is essential for pole cell formation in Drosophila. Here, we report that mtlrRNA is enriched in germ plasm of Xenopus embryos from the four-cell stage to the blastula. Furthermore, our electron microscopic studies show that this mtlrRNA is present in the germinal granules during these stages. Thus, mtlrRNA is a common component of germinal granules in Drosophila and Xenopus, suggesting that the mtlrRNA has a role in germ-line development across phylogenetic boundaries." @default.
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• W2000269997 date "1998-10-01" @default.
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• W2000269997 title "Localization of mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA in germ plasm of Xenopus embryos" @default.
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• W2000269997 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70466-x" @default.
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