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- W2000425457 abstract "The lung cancer caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) — which killed the world's first cloned mammal Dolly — can be duplicated by the expression of just one structural protein of the virus, Env envelope protein. This is the first example of a structural retroviral tumour-causing protein and is rare if not unique among viruses. Surprisingly, immunodeficient mice expressing Env also develop lung cancer whereas immunocompetent mice rarely do. The immune system can block tumorigenesis: sheep are immunotolerant of the virus, which may explain why JSRV seems not to affect most other animals, including humans. It is thought, however, that lung cancer in humans may be due in part to a JSRV-like retrovirus. These new results will focus the search for such viruses on immunocompromised subjects. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes a contagious lung cancer in sheep and goats, with significant animal health and economic consequences1. The host range of JSRV is in part limited by species-specific differences in the virus entry receptor, hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2), which is not functional as a receptor in mice but is functional in humans2. Sheep are immunotolerant of JSRV because of the expression of closely related endogenous retroviruses3,4, which are not present in humans and most other species, and this may facilitate oncogenesis. Here we show that expression of the JSRV envelope (Env) protein alone in lungs of mice, by using a replication-incompetent adeno-associated virus vector, results in tumours with a bronchiolo-alveolar localization like those seen in sheep. Whereas lethal disease was observed in immunodeficient mice, tumour development was almost entirely blocked in immunocompetent mice. Our results provide a rare example of an oncogenic viral structural protein, show that interaction of the viral Env protein with the virus entry receptor Hyal2 is not required for tumorigenesis, and indicate that immune recognition of Env can protect against JSRV tumorigenesis." @default.
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- W2000425457 date "2005-04-01" @default.
- W2000425457 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2000425457 title "Sheep retrovirus structural protein induces lung tumours" @default.
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- W2000425457 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03492" @default.
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