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- W2000577958 abstract "Summary Germination of the positively photoblastic seeds of Lactuca sativa can be induced by short flashes of red light in the millisecond range. However, compared to irradiations with several seconds or minutes (pulse irradiation), the induction by one flash (single-flash induction) is less effective: Even after a saturating flash no full response is reached. On the other hand, in the millisecond range (0.4–4 ms) the flash duration is without influence as far as equal fluences are concerned. If the flash energy is split into two equal flashes which are separated by a dark interval of 20s (double-flash induction), the physiological effect is increased, both in the ascending part of the fluence-response curve and in the saturation (double-flash effect). Yet, the efficiency of a pulse irradiation is not reached (Figs. 2, 3). The double-flash effect strongly depends on the dark interval in the range of seconds. After an early increase the effect reaches an optimum and decreases again with prolonging the dark interval. These double-flash kinetics are slowed down by lowering the temperature from 24.5°C to 1°C or by partially dehydrating the seeds from 80% to 15% water content (Figs. 4–6). The kinetics of the R/FR-antagonism are similarly dependent on these factors (Fig. 9–12), but in detail they depend additionally on the wavelength of the second flash (Figs. 13, 14). The following interpretation is proposed (Fig. 16): After short dark intervals an early intermediate (P 1 or a collective of intermediates, furtheron called ΣP 1 ) is found, which partly reverts in a dark reaction to P r . Furthermore, ΣP 1 shows a photoreversible equilibrium with P r , which is shifted to P r by long-wavelength R and by FR. Thus, ΣP 1 shows properties which were reported for lumi-R or meta-R a . In the dark, part of ΣP 1 undergoes a dark reaction to a late intermediate (P 2 or ΣP 2 ), which proceeds in the dark to the final product P fr . ΣP 2 is assumed to have weak absorption only, thus resembling meta-R b . The halflives, obtained for these relaxations, are short enough as to exclude a greater accumulation of phytochrome in intermediate states during pulse-irradiation. For millisecond flashes, in contrast, P fr formation and the dark reaction P r ← ΣP 1 are negligible during the short irradiation time. Instead, phytochrome transiently accumulates in intermediate states and hence the probability of P r absorption decreases. This explains the reduced sensitivity of the seeds to a flash-irradiation. Accordingly, the double-flash effect is due to the partial regeneration of P r from ΣP 1 during the dark interval, which increases the probability of absorption for the second red flash. By a model calculation of the fractions of P r , P fr and (ΣP 1 + ΣP 2 ), Pfr values are obtained which qualitatively correspond with the physiological results (Fig. 15 and appendix)." @default.
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- W2000577958 date "1983-03-01" @default.
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- W2000577958 title "Primärreaktionen der Phytochromkonversion Pr → Pfrin vivo: Induktion der Samenkeimung von Lactuca sativa L. mit kurzen Lichtblitzen" @default.
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- W2000577958 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-328x(83)80115-9" @default.
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