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• W2000579973 abstract "GENERAL ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures often have been viewed as transient physiologic derangements that have no long-term cerebral effects after the acute recovery phase. However, an emerging body of evidence suggests that both anesthesia and surgery have longer-term effects on cognition. Cardiac surgery, in particular, has been associated with long-term postoperative cognitive impairment, 1 Newman M.F. Kirchner J.L. Phillips-Bute B. et al. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass surgery. New Eng J Med. 2001; 344: 395-402 Google Scholar although similar degrees of cognitive impairment also have been observed after noncardiac surgery. 2 Evered L. Scott D.A. Silbert B. Maruff P. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is independent of type of surgery and anesthetic. Anesth Analg. 2011; 112: 1179-1185 Google Scholar These cognitive impairments have been quantified at various time points after surgery by using different neuropsychologic tests and diagnostic methods. This has given rise to the terms “postoperative cognitive dysfunction” (POCD) and “postoperative delirium” (Table 1). In addition, some studies have suggested that anesthesia, surgery, and/or perioperative care are associated with the development or worsening of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is difficult to distinguish the effects of anesthesia versus surgery versus individual patient factors on the development of postoperative delirium, POCD, and AD, partly because few patients undergo procedures that require anesthesia or surgery without the other. Nonetheless, several studies have shed light on this issue by comparing the development of cognitive disorders in patients who received different anesthetics or surgical procedures. 2 Evered L. Scott D.A. Silbert B. Maruff P. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is independent of type of surgery and anesthetic. Anesth Analg. 2011; 112: 1179-1185 Google Scholar , 3 Liu Y. Pan N. Ma Y. et al. Inhaled sevoflurane may promote progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A prospective, randomized parallel-group study. Am J Med Sci. 2013; 345: 355-360 Google Scholar Abbreviations: CAM-ICU, confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit; DRS-R-98, delirium rating scale-revised-98; DSM-IV-R, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4, revised; POCD, postoperative cognitive dysfunction." @default.
• W2000579973 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2000579973 date "2014-12-01" @default.
• W2000579973 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2000579973 title "Alzheimer’s Disease, Anesthesia, and Surgery: A Clinically Focused Review" @default.
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