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- W2000592760 abstract "We investigated the abundance and biomass of planktonic ciliates in the sea area around Zhangzi Island, Northern Yellow Sea, from July 2009 to June 2010. Ciliates were sampled monthly from surface to bottom with a 10 m depth interval at 13 sample stations along three transects. A 1 L sample of water from each depth was collected with a 2.5 L Niskin water sampler and fixed in 1% acid Lugol’s iodine solution. Water samples were pre-concentrated using the Utermöhl method and observed using an Olympus IX51 inverted microscope at 100× or 200x. The dimensions of the ciliates were measured and the cell volume of each species was estimated using appropriate geometric shapes. The carbon:volume ratio used to calculate biomass was 0.19 pg C/μm3. Abundance and biomass of the ciliate in water column were calculated as the integral of the abundance and biomass from bottom to surface, respectively. The classification of tintinnids was based on taxonomic literature. The average abundance of non-loricate ciliates was 3066 ± 2805 ind/L, ranging from 165 ind/L (50 m depth of St. B6 in July) to 26,595 ind/L (surface of St. C1 in September). The average biomass of non-loricate ciliates was 2.88 ± 2.68 μg C/L, ranging from 0.05 μg C/L (10 m depth of St. A6 in July) to 20.51 μg C/L (surface of St. A5 in August). The average tintinnid abundance was 142 ± 273 ind/L, ranging from 0 ind/L (monthly) to 2756 ind/L (surface of St. A1 in July). The average tintinnid biomass was 0.84 ± 2.19 μg C/L, ranging from 0.00 μg C/L (every month) to 37.64 μg C/L (20 m depth of St. C5 in July). The results showed that the average abundance of total ciliates was 3208 ± 2828 ind/L, ranging from 166 ind/L (10 m depth of St. A6 in July) to 26,625 ind/L (surface of St. C1 in September); the average biomass of total ciliates was 3.73 ± 3.55 μg C/L, ranging from 0.05 μg C/L (10 m depth of St. A6 in July) to 38.29 μg C/L (20 m depth of St. C5 in July). Abundance and biomass were vertically homogeneous in February, November and December, but decreased dramatically from the surface down to the bottom in other months. 23 tintinnid species were identified, 12 of which were in genus Tintinnopsis. Tintinnid species were more abundant in February, July and August. Tintinnids occupied 6.6 ± 10.2% and 19.7 ± 23.3% of the total ciliate abundance and biomass, respectively, which increased during the warm season and at coastal stations, and decreased during the cold season and at offshore stations. Large non-loricate ciliate species were prevalent in spring, while smaller species dominated in summer and autumn. The average abundance of total ciliates in water column was 132 ± 72 × 106 ind/m2, with increases during spring and autumn. The average biomass of total ciliates in water column was 152.57 ± 93.10 mg C/m2, with increases during spring and summer. The average abundance and biomass of total ciliates in water column were greater at offshore stations than at coastal stations during spring and autumn, and were lower during summer and winter. Non-loricate ciliates, tintinnids and total ciliates showed significant positive correlation with temperature and significant negative correlation with salinity (p < 0.01). Non-loricate ciliates and total ciliates showed significant positive correlation with Chl a concentration (p < 0.01); however, relationship between Chl a concentration and tintinnids was not significant." @default.
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- W2000592760 date "2013-02-01" @default.
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- W2000592760 title "Abundance and biomass of planktonic ciliates in the sea area around Zhangzi Island, Northern Yellow Sea" @default.
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- W2000592760 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2012.12.007" @default.
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