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- W2000748006 abstract "The teratogenic potential of sodium cyanide was evaluated in the golden hamster. Cyanide was administered continuously by slow infusion to pregnant hamsters of known gestational age. Infusion was by means of subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps between Days 6 and 9 of gestation. Infusion of sodium cyanide at dose rates of 0.126, 0.1275, and 0.1295 mmol/kg/hr produced high incidences of malformations and resorptions in the offspring. The most common anomalies seen were neural tube defects, including exencephaly and encephalocoele. Other defects occurred less frequently and included hydropericardium and crooked tail. Fetal crown-rump length was significantly smaller in offspring of cyanide-treated dams than in offspring of control animals. A total dose equivalent to 30 to 40 times the acute sc LD50 dose was administered by infusion to these animals before signs of maternal toxicity appeared. Although signs of toxicity (e.g., weight loss, ataxia, dyspnea) were apparent in some animals, the occurrence of malformations in the offspring was not statistically correlated either with weight loss or with poor health of the dams. Contemporaneous infusion of cyanide and sodium thiosulfate, the classic cyanide antagonist, protected both against the toxic and the teratogenic effects of cyanide. In the presence of thiosulfate, malformations were rarely seen in the offspring, and fetal crown-rump length was similar to controls. Urinary excretion of thiocyanate was not significantly increased in animals treated with thiosulfate; however, concentrations of cyanide and thiocyanate in whole blood were higher in animals receiving only cyanide as compared with hamsters given both agents. The mean whole blood cyanide concentration in hamsters infused with 0.126 mmol/kg/hr sodium cyanide was 25 μm measured 45 hr after infusion began. Malformations produced by cyanide were similar to those produced by a variety of cyanogenic compounds including aliphatic nitriles and amygdalin. The use of osmotic minipumps adds a new dimension to studies of teratogenic effects. We conclude that cyanide is teratogenic over a narrow range of dose rates." @default.
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- W2000748006 date "1982-07-01" @default.
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- W2000748006 title "Congenital malformations induced by infusion of sodium cyanide in the golden hamster" @default.
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- W2000748006 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(82)90242-3" @default.
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