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• W2000756495 abstract "Les probiotiques sont des micro-organismes vivants, qui, ingérés en quantité adéquate, sont susceptibles d'améliorer certains aspects de la santé de l'hôte, les effets sur le système immunitaire étant prépondérants. Deux types d'effets paradoxaux sont décrits en fonction du statut immunologique initial de l'hôte : d'une part, certains probiotiques peuvent stimuler une réponse immunitaire innée (phagocytose, cytokines) chez l'individu sain, raccourcissant ainsi l'évolution d'épisodes infectieux (notamment les gastroentérites virales chez l'enfant) ou augmentant les anticorps protecteurs lors de vaccinations. D'autre part, une littérature importante démontre un effet anti-inflammatoire de souches probiotiques définies, dans certaines maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin, en particulier les rectocolites hémorragiques. Les mécanismes impliqués commencent à être mieux caractérisés. L'effet immunostimulant engage des constituants de paroi bactérienne reconnaissant des récepteurs invariants (récepteurs toll-like) sur les cellules épithéliales et/ou immunitaires et l'effet anti-inflammatoire pourrait impliquer des composés sécrétés (butyrate, NO) ou des constituants bactériens (acides lipoteichoïques, CpG-oligodeoxynucléotides). Les mécanismes de l'effet anti-inflammatoire sont moins bien caractérisés. Probiotics are living microorganisms that promote beneficial health effects when ingested, the effects on the immune system being predominant. It appears clearly that two paradoxical effects are reported according to the initial immunological state of the host: on the one hand, probiotics can stimulate innate immunity (phagocytosis, cytokine release) in healthy individuals, a property likely to help in shortening the course of infectious diseases (gastroenteritis in infants) or in the efficacy of vaccination. On the other hand, an anti-inflammatory effect is reported with selected strains of probiotics, in inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. The mechanisms involved in dual properties are now better understood: the immunostimulant effect is due to bacteria cell wall compounds which interact with invariant receptors (toll-like receptors) on epithelial and/or immune cells. The anti-inflammatory effect might involve bacterial metabolites such as butyrate or NO, or bacterial compounds such as lipoteichoic acids and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides. The mechanisms sustaining anti-inflammatory capacity are less characterized." @default.
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• W2000756495 date "2006-06-01" @default.
• W2000756495 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2000756495 title "Micro-organismes probiotiques et régulation immunologique : le paradoxe" @default.
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• W2000756495 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2006.04.003" @default.
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