FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2000794076> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2000794076 endingPage "1047" @default.
• W2000794076 startingPage "1045" @default.
• W2000794076 abstract "Type II endoleaks occur in 5% to 10% of patients who are treated by endovascular aneurysm repair. A persistent type II endoleak combined with documented aneurysm expansion is generally considered an indication for intervention. Thrombin injection directly into the aneurysm sac is described as a safe and efficient treatment option. We present a patient with a ruptured aneurysm caused by a puncture of the stent graft during computed tomography-guided thrombin injection. This case highlights a possible harmful complication of thrombin injection and emphasizes the need for caution while performing such a procedure. Type II endoleaks occur in 5% to 10% of patients who are treated by endovascular aneurysm repair. A persistent type II endoleak combined with documented aneurysm expansion is generally considered an indication for intervention. Thrombin injection directly into the aneurysm sac is described as a safe and efficient treatment option. We present a patient with a ruptured aneurysm caused by a puncture of the stent graft during computed tomography-guided thrombin injection. This case highlights a possible harmful complication of thrombin injection and emphasizes the need for caution while performing such a procedure. The most common cause for persistent or renewed pressurization of an aneurysm sac after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the early or late occurrence of an endoleak. An endoleak is considered evidence of incomplete exclusion of the aneurysm sac from the circulation, and it is therefore believed that endoleaks may eventually lead to aneurysm rupture. Endoleaks are divided into several subtypes, with type II endoleaks being the most frequent.1White G.H. Yu W. May J. Chaufour X. Stephen M.S. Endoleak as a complication of endoluminal grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms: classification, incidence, diagnosis, and management.J Endovasc Surg. 1997; 4: 152-168Crossref PubMed Scopus (658) Google Scholar A type II endoleak is caused by retrograde flow from a lumbar artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, an accessory renal artery, or a hypogastric artery into the aneurysm sac. Type II endoleaks occur in about 5% to 10% of patients who are treated by EVAR.2Espinosa G. Ribeiro A.M. Ferreira C.M. Dzieciuchowicz L. Santos S.R. A 10-year single-center prospective study of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with the talent stent-graft.J Endovasc Ther. 2009; 16: 125-135Crossref PubMed Scopus (29) Google Scholar, 3Rayt H.S. Sandford R.M. Salem M. Bown M.J. London N.J. Sayers R.D. Conservative management of type 2 endoleaks is not associated with increased risk of aneurysm rupture.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009; 38: 718-723Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (60) Google Scholar An aggressive approach was adopted in the early days of EVAR, and all type II endoleaks were treated in fear of aneurysm rupture.4Dias N.V. Ivancev K. Malina M. Resch T. Lindblad B. Sonesson B. Intra-aneurysm sac pressure measurements after endovascular aneurysm repair: differences between shrinking, unchanged, and expanding aneurysms with and without endoleaks.J Vasc Surg. 2004; 39: 1229-1235Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (95) Google Scholar Most large series assessing type II endoleaks have demonstrated a relationship between persistent type II endoleaks and aneurysm sac expansion, reinterventions, and even rupture. A correlation between aneurysm-related death and type II endoleaks, however, has not been shown.5Jones J.E. Atkins M.D. Brewster D.C. Chung T.K. Kwolek C.J. LaMuraglia G.M. et al.Persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with adverse late outcomes.J Vasc Surg. 2007; 46: 1-8Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (296) Google Scholar, 6Steinmetz E. Rubin B.G. Sanchez L.A. Choi E.T. Geraghty P.J. Baty J. et al.Type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a conservative approach with selective intervention is safe and cost-effective.J Vasc Surg. 2004; 39: 306-313Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (165) Google Scholar It was because of this relatively benign character of type II endoleaks, combined with reintervention-related complications, that a more conservative policy was adopted.7Lawrence-Brown M.M. Sun Z. Semmens J.B. Liffman K. Sutalo I.D. Hartley D.B. Type II endoleaks: when is intervention indicated and what is the index of suspicion for types I or III?.J Endovasc Ther. 2009; 16: I106-I108PubMed Google Scholar, 8van Marrewijk C.J. Fransen G. Laheij R.J. Harris P.L. Buth J. Is a type II endoleak after EVAR a harbinger of risk? Causes and outcome of open conversion and aneurysm rupture during follow-up.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004; 27: 128-137Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (243) Google Scholar Nowadays, although some authors plead for an even more conservative policy, documented aneurysm expansion is generally regarded an indication for reintervention.4Dias N.V. Ivancev K. Malina M. Resch T. Lindblad B. Sonesson B. Intra-aneurysm sac pressure measurements after endovascular aneurysm repair: differences between shrinking, unchanged, and expanding aneurysms with and without endoleaks.J Vasc Surg. 2004; 39: 1229-1235Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (95) Google Scholar, 5Jones J.E. Atkins M.D. Brewster D.C. Chung T.K. Kwolek C.J. LaMuraglia G.M. et al.Persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with adverse late outcomes.J Vasc Surg. 2007; 46: 1-8Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (296) Google Scholar, 7Lawrence-Brown M.M. Sun Z. Semmens J.B. Liffman K. Sutalo I.D. Hartley D.B. Type II endoleaks: when is intervention indicated and what is the index of suspicion for types I or III?.J Endovasc Ther. 2009; 16: I106-I108PubMed Google Scholar, 8van Marrewijk C.J. Fransen G. Laheij R.J. Harris P.L. Buth J. Is a type II endoleak after EVAR a harbinger of risk? Causes and outcome of open conversion and aneurysm rupture during follow-up.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004; 27: 128-137Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (243) Google Scholar Several therapeutic options are available to treat type II endoleaks. Owing to its minimally invasive nature and high rate of technical success, transarterial coil embolization is considered the therapy of choice.1White G.H. Yu W. May J. Chaufour X. Stephen M.S. Endoleak as a complication of endoluminal grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms: classification, incidence, diagnosis, and management.J Endovasc Surg. 1997; 4: 152-168Crossref PubMed Scopus (658) Google Scholar, 6Steinmetz E. Rubin B.G. Sanchez L.A. Choi E.T. Geraghty P.J. Baty J. et al.Type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a conservative approach with selective intervention is safe and cost-effective.J Vasc Surg. 2004; 39: 306-313Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (165) Google Scholar Transarterial embolization can be technically challenging, however. Thrombin injections directly into the aneurysm sac are described as a safe and efficient alternative with a high success rate and fewer complications in several case series.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar, 10Ellis P.K. Kennedy P.T. Collins A.J. Blair P.H. The use of direct thrombin injection to treat a type II endoleak following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003; 26: 482-484Crossref PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar, 11Kasthuri R.S. Stivaros S.M. Gavan D. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for endoleaks: an alternative.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2005; 28: 110-112Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar, 12van den Berg J.C. Nolthenius R.P. Casparie J.W. Moll F.L. CT-guided thrombin injection into aneurysm sac in a patient with endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000; 175: 1649-1651Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar Some therefore even favor direct translumbar embolization over transarterial embolization for the treatment of type II endoleaks.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar We present a patient with an aneurysm rupture caused by puncture of the endograft during thrombin injection to highlight this potential complication and to emphasize the need for caution while performing such a procedure. Two years ago, an 89-year-old man was referred to our clinic with an 8.4-cm asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The patient underwent an uneventful EVAR by placement of a Talent bifurcated stent graft (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, Calif). Postoperative computed tomographic angiography (CTA) showed successful exclusion of the aneurysm sac, which was confirmed on a duplex ultrasound (DU) imaging 6 months after EVAR. The measured maximal aneurysm sac diameter at this time was 7.8 cm (Fig 1, A). However, follow-up CTAs at 12 and 24 months showed gradual expansion of the aneurysm sac up to 11 cm (Fig 1, B). Although no endoleaks were identified on DU imaging and CTA, a magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) with a blood-pool contrast agent showed a type II endoleak originating from a lumbar artery. The decision was made to treat this endoleak by a CT-guided puncture of the aneurysm sac with injection of thrombin. With the patient supine, CT guidance was used to pass a 21-gauge needle from an anterior transabdominal approach into the aneurysm sac. Pressure in the aneurysm sac was 18 mm Hg, without pulsatility. Contrast was injected, which solely filled the aneurysm sac. Although we had expected to measure a higher intrasac pressure, we decided to aspirate the aneurysm sac and to proceed with the intrasac thrombin injection. A total of 300 mL of blood was aspirated, which reduced the diameter of the AAA from 11 to 8 cm. Then, 2 mL of thrombin (500 IU/mL, thrombin component of Tissucol Duo 500; Immuno, Vienna, Austria) was slowly injected. Because a postprocedural CT scan showed an AAA diameter of 10 cm, we decided to obtain another CTA after 2 weeks and to repeat the procedure if the AAA size had returned to the pre-embolization diameter of 11 cm. The control CTA again showed a sac diameter of 11 cm along with a type II endoleak. A second procedure, similar to the first, was performed. The needle position during this second procedure was confirmed by the aspiration of 20 mL blood (Fig 1, C). Because no more fluid could be aspirated, the aneurysm was thought to be partially thrombosed and only an additional 0.5 mL of thrombin was injected. Unfortunately, a DU study 3 months later revealed an aneurysm diameter of 11 cm, together with a new endoleak of unknown origin. A new CTA was planned, but before this scan, the patient presented at the emergency department with progressive pain in the abdominal region. A CTA showed a ruptured aneurysm (Fig 1, D; Fig 2). During open surgical repair, a puncture was observed in the main device of the stent graft, which was over-sutured. The mural thrombus was partially extracted, and the aneurysm sac was reconstructed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged in good condition. A CTA 3 months later showed no abnormalities. Failure to exclude an aortic aneurysm completely from the circulation remains the major weakness of EVAR. Indication and timing of secondary interventions are controversial and equivocal due to a lack of evidence. Some EVAR specialists advocate intervention if a type II endoleak persists >6 months, regardless of change in aneurysm sac size, whereas others are more conservative.5Jones J.E. Atkins M.D. Brewster D.C. Chung T.K. Kwolek C.J. LaMuraglia G.M. et al.Persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with adverse late outcomes.J Vasc Surg. 2007; 46: 1-8Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (296) Google Scholar, 6Steinmetz E. Rubin B.G. Sanchez L.A. Choi E.T. Geraghty P.J. Baty J. et al.Type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a conservative approach with selective intervention is safe and cost-effective.J Vasc Surg. 2004; 39: 306-313Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (165) Google Scholar, 8van Marrewijk C.J. Fransen G. Laheij R.J. Harris P.L. Buth J. Is a type II endoleak after EVAR a harbinger of risk? Causes and outcome of open conversion and aneurysm rupture during follow-up.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004; 27: 128-137Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (243) Google Scholar However, there is general consensus that expansion of the aneurysm necessitates intervention, although the risk of rupture due to a type II endoleak is very low.3Rayt H.S. Sandford R.M. Salem M. Bown M.J. London N.J. Sayers R.D. Conservative management of type 2 endoleaks is not associated with increased risk of aneurysm rupture.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009; 38: 718-723Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (60) Google Scholar, 5Jones J.E. Atkins M.D. Brewster D.C. Chung T.K. Kwolek C.J. LaMuraglia G.M. et al.Persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with adverse late outcomes.J Vasc Surg. 2007; 46: 1-8Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (296) Google Scholar, 8van Marrewijk C.J. Fransen G. Laheij R.J. Harris P.L. Buth J. Is a type II endoleak after EVAR a harbinger of risk? Causes and outcome of open conversion and aneurysm rupture during follow-up.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004; 27: 128-137Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (243) Google Scholar A multitude of therapeutic options are available for the treatment of type II endoleaks that range in their level of invasiveness. Transarterial embolization was introduced in 1997, and its minimally invasive character and high technical success rate convinced many physicians of its superiority.13van Schie G. Sieunarine K. Holt M. Lawrence-Brown M. Hartley D. Goodman M.A. et al.Successful embolization of persistent endoleak from a patent inferior mesenteric artery.J Endovasc Surg. 1997; 4: 312-315Crossref PubMed Scopus (39) Google Scholar However, initial medium-term and long-term results showed recurrent endoleaks in 60% to 91% of the patients. Apart from the high recurrence rate, its applicability is limited by the requisite to be able to catheterize the origin of the side branches at the level of the wall of the aneurysm sac.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar, 14Solis M.M. Ayerdi J. Babcock G.A. Parra J.R. McLafferty R.B. Gruneiro L.A. et al.Mechanism of failure in the treatment of type II endoleak with percutaneous coil embolization.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 36: 485-491Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (100) Google Scholar The high incidence of recurrent endoleaks in patients treated with transarterial embolization implies that embolization of only the feeding inflow vessel is inadequate. Baum et al9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar suggested that endoleaks behave like arterial malformations in which occlusion of the feeding vessel will lead to recruitment of collaterals and, eventually, failure of therapy.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar Hence, embolization of the entire aneurysm sac prevents abnormal communication among these aortic branches. A success rate of 92% reported for translumbar embolization vs a failure rate of 80% in transarterial embolization supports this hypothesis.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar Moreover, a recent study by Stavropoulos et al15Stavropoulos S.W. Park J. Fairman R. Carpenter J. Type 2 endoleak embolization comparison: translumbar embolization versus modified transarterial embolization.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009; 20: 1299-1302Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (81) Google Scholar in which the endoleak cavity itself, and not just the feeding artery, was embolized with a transarterial technique gave similar results as the translumbar technique, with a 78.3% vs 72.6% clinical success.15Stavropoulos S.W. Park J. Fairman R. Carpenter J. Type 2 endoleak embolization comparison: translumbar embolization versus modified transarterial embolization.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009; 20: 1299-1302Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (81) Google Scholar The method chosen for the treatment of type II endoleaks depends on the level of expertise and the technical feasibility of each technique. Since the introduction of CT-guided thrombin injection, good results have been obtained and few complications reported.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar, 10Ellis P.K. Kennedy P.T. Collins A.J. Blair P.H. The use of direct thrombin injection to treat a type II endoleak following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003; 26: 482-484Crossref PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar, 15Stavropoulos S.W. Park J. Fairman R. Carpenter J. Type 2 endoleak embolization comparison: translumbar embolization versus modified transarterial embolization.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009; 20: 1299-1302Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (81) Google Scholar To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report rupture of an aneurysm due to an iatrogenic type III endoleak from a puncture of the endograft during a CT-guided thrombin injection. Although CT provides excellent needle visualization, and direction and depth can be visualized, it remains a procedure that has to be thoughtfully planned and executed. The position of the needle can be difficult to control in relationship to a pulsatile moving stent graft because CT gives a static representation of a dynamic process.16van Keulen J.W. van Prehn J. Prokop M. Moll F.L. van Herwaarden J.A. Dynamics of the aorta before and after endovascular aneurysm repair: a systematic review.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009; 38: 586-596Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (51) Google Scholar Needle entry under ultrasound visualization allows the operator to accurately position the needle while monitoring the thrombus formation and might prevent such incidents. Disadvantages of this procedure are poor visualization of the aorta due to air-filled bowel or obesity. Furthermore, an ultrasound-guided puncture is operator-dependent and has a relatively long learning curve.10Ellis P.K. Kennedy P.T. Collins A.J. Blair P.H. The use of direct thrombin injection to treat a type II endoleak following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003; 26: 482-484Crossref PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar, 11Kasthuri R.S. Stivaros S.M. Gavan D. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for endoleaks: an alternative.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2005; 28: 110-112Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar A good alternative is therefore fluoroscopy combined with CTA. CT can verify needle positioning, and fluoroscopic guidance allows real-time embolization, thereby preventing misplacement of the needle or any embolic material.17Binkert C.A. Alencar H. Singh J. Baum R.A. Translumbar type II endoleak repair using angiographic CT.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006; 17: 1349-1353Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar Nowadays, a more conservative approach is preferred in the management of type II endoleaks. If intervention is necessary, however, thrombin injection has proven to be an effective method of treatment of a type II endoleak.9Baum R.A. Carpenter J.P. Golden M.A. Velazquez O.C. Clark T.W. Stavropoulos S.W. et al.Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques.J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 23-29PubMed Scopus (244) Google Scholar, 10Ellis P.K. Kennedy P.T. Collins A.J. Blair P.H. The use of direct thrombin injection to treat a type II endoleak following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003; 26: 482-484Crossref PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar, 11Kasthuri R.S. Stivaros S.M. Gavan D. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection for endoleaks: an alternative.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2005; 28: 110-112Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar, 12van den Berg J.C. Nolthenius R.P. Casparie J.W. Moll F.L. CT-guided thrombin injection into aneurysm sac in a patient with endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000; 175: 1649-1651Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar, 15Stavropoulos S.W. Park J. Fairman R. Carpenter J. Type 2 endoleak embolization comparison: translumbar embolization versus modified transarterial embolization.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009; 20: 1299-1302Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (81) Google Scholar, 17Binkert C.A. Alencar H. Singh J. Baum R.A. Translumbar type II endoleak repair using angiographic CT.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006; 17: 1349-1353Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (50) Google Scholar This case clearly shows a potential negative adverse effect of this procedure. Caution should be used during the planning and execution of a CT-guided thrombin injection. We therefore recommend meticulous needle verification with respect to the change in aneurysm volume due to aspiration." @default.
• W2000794076 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2000794076 creator A5028254994 @default.
• W2000794076 creator A5029445544 @default.
• W2000794076 creator A5040902775 @default.
• W2000794076 creator A5053633093 @default.
• W2000794076 creator A5061138198 @default.
• W2000794076 creator A5085784597 @default.
• W2000794076 date "2010-10-01" @default.
• W2000794076 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2000794076 title "A ruptured aneurysm after stent graft puncture during computed tomography-guided thrombin injection" @default.
• W2000794076 cites W1969227865 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W1982143401 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W1999668640 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2000903517 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2003883533 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2004942780 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2014063353 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2020616019 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2021942359 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2033552133 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2071868044 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2081660515 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2093986436 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2105035481 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2122742247 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2135703693 @default.
• W2000794076 cites W2145621890 @default.
• W2000794076 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.04.074" @default.
• W2000794076 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20619591" @default.
• W2000794076 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
• W2000794076 type Work @default.
• W2000794076 sameAs 2000794076 @default.
• W2000794076 citedByCount "6" @default.
• W2000794076 countsByYear W20007940762012 @default.
• W2000794076 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2000794076 hasAuthorship W2000794076A5028254994 @default.
• W2000794076 hasAuthorship W2000794076A5029445544 @default.
• W2000794076 hasAuthorship W2000794076A5040902775 @default.
• W2000794076 hasAuthorship W2000794076A5053633093 @default.
• W2000794076 hasAuthorship W2000794076A5061138198 @default.
• W2000794076 hasAuthorship W2000794076A5085784597 @default.
• W2000794076 hasBestOaLocation W20007940761 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C126838900 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C141071460 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C2776098176 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C2777292125 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C2778583881 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C544519230 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConcept C89560881 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C126322002 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C126838900 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C141071460 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C2776098176 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C2777292125 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C2778583881 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C544519230 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C71924100 @default.
• W2000794076 hasConceptScore W2000794076C89560881 @default.
• W2000794076 hasIssue "4" @default.
• W2000794076 hasLocation W20007940761 @default.
• W2000794076 hasLocation W20007940762 @default.
• W2000794076 hasOpenAccess W2000794076 @default.
• W2000794076 hasPrimaryLocation W20007940761 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W1990463294 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2000794076 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2014046455 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2030036874 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2032332762 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2044657873 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2047967234 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2098615636 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W2397009432 @default.
• W2000794076 hasRelatedWork W4300689999 @default.
• W2000794076 hasVolume "52" @default.
• W2000794076 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2000794076 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2000794076 magId "2000794076" @default.
• W2000794076 workType "article" @default.