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• W2000884788 abstract "Reviewed by: Yr Hen Iaith: Studies in Early Welsh ed. by Paul Russell David Stifter Yr Hen Iaith: Studies in Early Welsh. Ed. by Paul Russell. (Celtic studies publication 7.) Aberystwyth, Wales: Celtic Studies Publications, 2003. Pp. viii, 222. ISBN 1891271105. $39.95. This volume contains ten contributions on Old and Middle Welsh diachronic linguistics, philology, and orthography, most of which were presented at a colloquium on ‘The History of Welsh before 1500’ (Oxford, April 1999). Only a selection of these contributions can be brought into the limelight here, though all are worthy of special attention. [End Page 1019] Peter Schrijver, in ‘The etymology of Welsh chwith and the semantics and morphology of PIE *k(w)sweibh-’ (1–23), draws upon a wide range of Indo-European erudition to clarify the etymology of Welsh chwith, which acquired its modern meaning ‘left’ only late in its history, but originally must have meant something like ‘curved, crooked; inappropriate’. In ‘Rowynniauc, Rhufoniog: The orthography and phonology of /μ/ in Early Welsh’ (25–47), Paul Russell examines the spelling of lenited m and lenited b in Old and early Middle Welsh sources. He concludes that contrary to received wisdom the numerous graphemes (b f ff m v u ϭ w) used to render these sounds were not in free variation in that period, but that a rationale for their distribution lies in an attempt to retain the graphematic distinction between the two sounds. In the first part of his contribution, ‘The structure and typology of prepositional relative clauses in Early Welsh’ (75–93), Graham Isaac convincingly demonstrates that, like Old Irish, Brittonic at an early stage used the strategy of inserting a relative particle into the verbal complex consisting of preposition and verb at the head of prepositional relative clauses. The second part of the article is less convincing. Isaac tries to establish a unitary prehistory for Irish prepositional and nonprepositional relative constructions, both of which, according to the author, involved the relative particle *̯io. To achieve his goal, Isaac has to invoke a sequence of analogies, not without numerous exceptions, which, however, fail to account for the nasalizing mutation caused by relative prepositions. Part of his argument is the presence of ‘short’ variants of relative prepositions like fris beside more regular frisa, for example, in fris·tarddam ‘against which we can give’. But pace Isaac this is hardly an archaism, but is rather due to a sporadic sound change within Old Irish, whereby a vowel or a vowel + after s in pretonic position was lost before a stressed syllable beginning with a stop, especially a dental. This sound change was not confined to relative prepositions, but can also be found, for example, in is tech ‘into the house’ < isa tech or is tír ‘in the land’ < isin tír. Pierre-Yves Lambert’s ‘The Old Welsh glosses on weights and measures’ (103–34) merits appraisal for providing the first complete edition of the Old Welsh glosses in the Bodleian manuscript Auct. F.4.32 together with the pertinent Latin text, an extremely difficult early medieval treatise on various measuring units. Lambert’s commentary on the glosses suffers, however, from a certain amount of carelessness. For example, he discusses the Old Welsh phrase hoid oitou, treating the two words as different lexical items partly on account of the differing initials (131), but gloss 77 actually reads hoid hoitou! Lambert’s intention was to emphasize Old Welsh lexemes by printing them in bold script throughout the article. But this has been applied inconsistently: frequently Old Welsh words under discussion are printed in italics just like other non-English lexical items, thereby reducing the clarity of the layout. Minor examples of editorial negligence like the one just mentioned of course do not diminish the important contribution of this volume to the elucidation of the history of the Welsh language. Other contributions in the volume include: Peter Kitson, ‘Old English literacy and the provenance of Welsh y’ (49–65); Simon Rodway, ‘Two developments in medieval literary Welsh and their implications for dating texts’ (67–74); Alexander Falileyev and Paul Russell, ‘The dry..." @default.
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• W2000884788 title "Yr Hen Iaith: Studies in Early Welsh (review)" @default.
• W2000884788 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2005.0205" @default.
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