FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2000931815> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2000931815 endingPage "221" @default.
• W2000931815 startingPage "221" @default.
• W2000931815 abstract "Refer to the page 646-649Stent thrombosis is regarded today as a multifactorial life threatening condition. Immunological evidence incriminating antigens, such as stent nickel, metal strut, polymer coating and eluted drugs, accompanying the necessary treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel, combined with environmental exposures seems to constitute the most important factor.1) There are some bizarre, astonishing, peculiar and strange reports according to which patients who developed an inflammatory reaction somewhere else in the human body develop stent thrombosis simultaneously. For example, hypersensitivity reactions to propyphenazone, contrast materials, larvae and insect stings, acemetacine and even clopidogrel were accompanied with thrombosis inside the stent.2)In a very important report published in the Korean Circ J,3) a new antigen, which is more dangerous than the previous ones, seems to exist for the development of stent thrombosis; the 3-component immune complex composed of platelet factor 4 (PF4), heparin and IgG, which serves as the primary antigen able to activate platelets via the Fc receptor (FcγRII) and induce thrombosis. The result of this cascade of events manifests as heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Kounis syndrome also involves the high affinity and low affinity IgE receptors (FceRI and FceRII) situated on the platelet surface, which contribute to platelet activation and aggregation culminating to the development of arterial thrombosis.4)The described female patient developed an acute myocardial infarction due to total occlusion of the right coronary and was given aspirin clopidogrel and unfractionated heparin (UFH). Her right coronary artery was found totally occluded with abundant thrombus, and drug eluting stent was implanted with thrombus aspiration. However, despite repeated aspiration, the thrombus extended and progressed proximally to the stented area. She was finally diagnosed to have HIT due to proven new thrombosis and the timing of the onset of platelet fall to 4000/mm3 in less than 1 day. She was treated successfully with argatroban.Heparin is one of the oldest and most commonly used anticoagulant drugs; however, it can increase the risk of bleeding, particularly in critically ill patients. Paradoxically, while physicians are cautious for any bleeding side effect, heparins can induce unexpected serious thrombosis when they complicate with type II HIT, which is a severe, life-threatening reaction caused by the antibody to PF4-heparin-IgG complex. Type I HIT is a benign self-limiting non-immune condition which occurs in 10-30% of patients within 4 days after exposure to heparin. HIT affects approximately 5% of adult patients exposed to heparin. In children, the frequency is reported to be 2.3% to 3.7% with a 1% to 3% prevalence in children undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of UFH.5)Heparin was first discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, who was a medical student at Johns Hopkins Medical School.6) McLean, under the supervision of his professor William Howell, was in search of a coagulant to treat hemorrhage from accidents, war wounds and even childbirth, which, at that time, was a great killer, not for an anticoagulant. McLean's incidental discovery was an extract from a dog's liver, called hepar phosphatid. When he mixed it with a beaker of cat blood, the extract prevented clotting the cat blood for hours. Although heparin alone has very little effect on coagulation, in combination with antithrombin, which is a serine protease inhibitor, it enhances the rate of inhibition of procoagulant proteases, such as factor Xa and factor IIa (thrombin).Heparin induced thrombocytopenia is the result of antibody formation against heparin, leading to platelet activation and consequent thrombin production.7) Following heparin exposure, PF4, which is a highly positive protein present in the a-granules of platelets, quickly binds and neutralizes the heparin. The PF4-heparin complex then serves as the primary antigen to create antibodies, normally of IgG class, which recognizes and binds to the exposed epitopes on PF4.8) The 3-component antigen-antibody immune complex, composed of IgG, PF4 and heparin, activates the platelets via the Fc receptor (FcγRII) situated on a platelet surface. During activation, the platelets secrete pro-inflammatory (more PF4, platelet derived growth factor, CD154), pro thrombotic (factor V, factor XI, PAI-1), adhesive (thrombospondin, fibrinogen, p-selectin, von Willbrand factor) and chemotactic (ADP, ATP, serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium) mediators that propagate, amplify and sustain the thrombotic process.2) Thrombocytopenia may also be explained by increased platelet consumption due to extensive thrombosis.9) Furthermore, the 3-component antigen-antibody immune induces endothelial injury by binding to FcγRII receptors on monocytes, leading to tissue factor, thrombin production and promulgation.7),8) It seems that thrombin generation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stent thrombosis and thrombosis in general. Treatment of HIT with Argatroban, which is a direct thrombin inhibitor, was provided correctly and successfully by the authors.3)" @default.
• W2000931815 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2000931815 creator A5015980094 @default.
• W2000931815 creator A5021794894 @default.
• W2000931815 creator A5043552341 @default.
• W2000931815 creator A5064130344 @default.
• W2000931815 creator A5067671050 @default.
• W2000931815 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2000931815 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2000931815 title "Acute Stent Thrombosis and Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia: Another Manifestation of Kounis Syndrome?" @default.
• W2000931815 cites W1596239646 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W1966783826 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2009526690 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2018487385 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2025298738 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2106021837 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2141118074 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2264426589 @default.
• W2000931815 cites W2470401733 @default.
• W2000931815 doi "https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2013.43.4.221" @default.
• W2000931815 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3654108" @default.
• W2000931815 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23682280" @default.
• W2000931815 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
• W2000931815 type Work @default.
• W2000931815 sameAs 2000931815 @default.
• W2000931815 citedByCount "3" @default.
• W2000931815 countsByYear W20009318152019 @default.
• W2000931815 countsByYear W20009318152021 @default.
• W2000931815 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2000931815 hasAuthorship W2000931815A5015980094 @default.
• W2000931815 hasAuthorship W2000931815A5021794894 @default.
• W2000931815 hasAuthorship W2000931815A5043552341 @default.
• W2000931815 hasAuthorship W2000931815A5064130344 @default.
• W2000931815 hasAuthorship W2000931815A5067671050 @default.
• W2000931815 hasBestOaLocation W20009318151 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C164705383 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C2776472838 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C2777557582 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C2777698277 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C2780868729 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C2781372229 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C500558357 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C126322002 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C164705383 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C2776472838 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C2777557582 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C2777698277 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C2780868729 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C2781372229 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C500558357 @default.
• W2000931815 hasConceptScore W2000931815C71924100 @default.
• W2000931815 hasIssue "4" @default.
• W2000931815 hasLocation W20009318151 @default.
• W2000931815 hasLocation W20009318152 @default.
• W2000931815 hasLocation W20009318153 @default.
• W2000931815 hasLocation W20009318154 @default.
• W2000931815 hasOpenAccess W2000931815 @default.
• W2000931815 hasPrimaryLocation W20009318151 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W1981957266 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W1988855938 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2025469572 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2051150654 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2076315269 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2149792950 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2159851784 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2171794980 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W2312338035 @default.
• W2000931815 hasRelatedWork W4223440311 @default.
• W2000931815 hasVolume "43" @default.
• W2000931815 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2000931815 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2000931815 magId "2000931815" @default.
• W2000931815 workType "article" @default.