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- W2000948047 abstract "“If we take modularity at all seriously, then any attempt to use developmental mechanisms as phylogenetic tools is doomed: how could one hope to distinguish between bona fide conservation (a stable history between mechanism character) and re-use or (worse yet) re-invention?”—von Dassow and Munro, 1999 [1]Throughout their evolutionary history, organisms have evolved numerous complex morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to increase their chances of survival and reproduction. Insects have evolved wings and flight, which allowed them to better disperse [2], beetles have grown horns to fight over females [3], and moths and butterflies have decorated their wings with bright circles of colored scales to scare off predators [4]. The way that most of these and other adaptations first evolved, however, is still largely unknown. In the last two decades we have learned that novel traits appear to be built using old genes wired in novel ways [5], but it is still a mystery whether these novel traits evolve when genes are rewired de novo, one at a time, into new developmental networks, or whether clusters of pre-wired genes are co-opted into the development of the new trait. The speed of evolution of novel complex traits is likely to depend greatly on which of these two mechanisms underlies their origin. It is important, thus, to understand how novel complex traits evolve.So far, our understanding of how adaptations and novel morphological traits are acquired is mostly founded on single gene case studies. On the one hand, researchers have focused on changes to morphology that involve regulatory or structural mutations in enzyme-coding loci predominantly at the termini of regulatory circuits (see reviews in [6,7]), and, on the other hand, researchers have dissected the genetic and/or developmental changes that underlie the modification or disappearance of pre-existent complex traits (Table 1). Few studies, however, have tried to directly address the genetic and developmental origins of new complex traits.Table 1Examples of Complex Structures That Were Lost or Modified through the Course of Evolution" @default.
- W2000948047 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2000948047 date "2009-02-24" @default.
- W2000948047 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2000948047 title "Wings, Horns, and Butterfly Eyespots: How Do Complex Traits Evolve?" @default.
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- W2000948047 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000037" @default.
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