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• W2000953313 abstract "William N. Fenton (1908-2005) Regna Darnell William Nelson Fenton, a fellow of the American Folklore Society and long acknowledged as the dean of Iroquoian studies, died June 17, 2005, at Cooperstown, New York, at the age of 96. Except for brief visits to the Klamath Reservation and Taos Pueblo seeking comparative insights into factionalism and a stint as visiting professor in New Zealand, his entire career was spent studying a single tribe, the Iroquois, beginning in upstate New York and expanding throughout Iroquoian territory across northeastern North America. In 1945 he was a key founder of the Iroquois Conference, which has continued to meet annually, with few gaps, for more than half a century. Fenton was the major figure in creating a community of Iroquoian scholars, including numerous Iroquois collaborators. Fenton was born December 15, 1908, in New Rochelle, New York, to John William and Annabelle Nourse Fenton. American Indian visitors to the family farm and Seneca artifacts spurred his interest in Iroquois studies at an early age. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1931, devoted a summer to Plains archaeology, and moved to Yale University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1937. He was particularly proud to have been a student of Edward Sapir. His dissertation research on Seneca ceremonialism and herbalism was mentored by Frank Speck at the University of Pennsylvania. Throughout his career, Fenton pursued the Boasian program of historical reconstruction and ethnographic description and classification, which he had encountered in his early training. From 1935–37, at the height of the Great Depression, Fenton served as a community worker for the U.S. Indian Service at the Tuscarora and Tonawanda Reservations. Indian Affairs Commissioner John Collier envisioned a radical American Indian New Deal. Although Fenton often found himself torn by conflicting loyalties because of Iroquois mistrust of government agencies and personnel, he was able to support Arthur C. Parker's Seneca Arts Project through the Rochester Museum and Science Center by providing photographic documentation of the work of approximately one hundred artists. He taught for two years at St. Lawrence College before becoming assistant ethnologist for the Bureau of American Ethnology, rising by 1956 to the position of senior ethnologist. During World War II, he worked for the Ethnogeographic Board in Washington, D.C., compiling material on the South Pacific for United States Naval Intelligence. In 1951 Fenton was appointed executive secretary for the National Research Council's Division of Psychology and Anthropology. In 1956 Fenton returned to Iroquois country as director of the New York State Museum, where he headed an already-established center of Iroquoian studies. Fenton was strongly committed to the four-subdisciplinary scope of anthropology. William Ritchie, a colleague at the museum, was already engaged in archaeological work. Fenton followed Sapir in seeking linguistic evidence for Iroquoian relationships to other groups in the Northeast. In 1968 he moved across Albany to the new campus of the State University of New York as research professor of anthropology; six years later, he was appointed distinguished professor. He retired in 1979. Fenton's synthetic work on Iroquois ceremonialism began with An Outline of Seneca Ceremonies at Cold Spring Longhouse (Yale University Press, 1936). He described the ceremonies he had observed at one longhouse and abstracted their underlying structure. In 1941 he documented the ceremonial cycle at Tonawanda Longhouse, updating the work of Lewis Henry Morgan, and [End Page 73] described Iroquois masked medicine societies in a monograph (Masked Medicine Societies, Iroqrafts, 1941). Other seminal works include An Iroquois Condolence Council for Installing Cayuga Chiefs (Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 36(4):110–27, 1946), The Roll Call of the Iroquois Chiefs: A Study of a Mnemonic Cane from the Six Nations Reserve (AMS Press, [1950] 1980), and The Iroquois Eagle Dance: An Offshoot of the Calumet Dance (with Gertrude Prokosch Kurath, Syracuse University Press, [1953] 1991). The Smithsonian reissued his Songs from the Iroquois Longhouse in 1947. Fenton also documented the herbal and ecological knowledge of the little-known Cornplanter Senecas who lived south of the Allegheny Reservation in Pennsylvania. In addition to his ethnographic work, Fenton was a critical figure in the emergence of ethnohistory as a distinctive amalgam of..." @default.
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• W2000953313 title "William N. Fenton (1908-2005)" @default.
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