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• W2001033873 abstract "Poland is a good case study for theorists of postcommunist transition. It was the first society to break the monopoly power structure of communism with the rise of the Solidarity Trade Union in 1980, a mass social movement that drew on religious and secular values and aligned workers and intellectuals against the Marxist-Leninist system. The subsequent Round Table agreement between Solidarity and the ruling communist party produced a negotiated settlement of power sharing which resulted in the collapse of the communist system in 1989. Poland was also the first postcommunist state to launch the simultaneous transition to political democracy and a market economy, a controversial model of transition supposedly based on the Western liberal democratic experience. In the 1993 parliamentary elections and 1995 presidential elections, on the other hand, citizens have vested their trust in leaders and political parties with linkages to the communist past. With the resignation of Jozef Oleksy, under a cloud of allegations that he was a spy for Moscow under the communist regime, Poland has had seven Prime Ministers since 1989, a record that raises questions about the consolidation of democracy and the policy adopted in the wake of communist collapse not to implement lustration laws to prosecute communist elites and prevent them from holding public office. Why was popular support for the Solidarity movement and the moral role of the Roman Catholic church eroded after 1989? Is the electoral shift to the left indicative of systemic problems of postcommunist transition, a rejection of a liberal-democratic model that is dysfunctional to the social structure and values of postcommunist societies? Has domination within the Soviet bloc been replaced by dependency on international political economy forces beyond the control of relatively weak states like Poland? The four books under review shed some light on these questions. Adam Podgorecki's study focuses on the role of the in postwar Poland. An academic sociologist during the communist period, Podgorecki provides an insightful account of the political pressures inhibiting open and critical analyses of Polish society and the self-promoting pursuits of socialist scholars who, according to Podgorecki, provided a convenient screen for hiding the latent power structure in the period from 1949 to 1989 (p. 14). Specifically, he shows how political pressures effected the Institute of Social Prevention and Resocialization of which he was a founder in 1972. The destruction of that Institute in 1976 demonstrates the difficulties of sustaining independent institutions under communism. He, nevertheless, argues that it is the task of the to exert its traditional moral role of governors of souls (p. 95). Aside from the difficulty of defining the post-1945 intelligentsia in view of the massive destruction of traditional elites during and after the war and the transformation of Polish society from a rural to an industrialized one, it is difficult to ascertain from Podgorecki's study who currently qualifies for the role of governors of souls. For example, he is critical of intellectuals who were linked at one time or another with the Communist party or who have leftist leanings. Thus sociologists such as Zygmunt Bauman and Jerzy Wiatr are labeled as former Party members (p. 7) as if this is sufficient in itself to discount either their ideas or role in public life. Ewa Letowska, the Commissioner for Civil and Political Liberties, is referred to as an apparently competent lawyer but a `leftist' (p. 146). Bronislaw Geremek and Jacek Kuron are suspect because of their ex-Communist connections, despite their involvement in the opposition movement against communist rule and their role in forming the first non-communist government. Podgorecki is just as critical of the Roman Catholic church. While he lauds its traditional role in defending Polish patriotism, he also argues that the Church has become the monopolistic beneficiary of totalitarianism (p. …" @default.
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• W2001033873 date "1997-03-01" @default.
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• W2001033873 title "Contending Views on Poland in Transition" @default.
• W2001033873 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/00085006.1997.11092153" @default.
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