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• W200201211 abstract "During recent years, biofuels have been encountering a particular interest as a means to address the increasing global energy demand reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating global warming potentials. Among biofuels, biomass-based ethanol has been assuming a leading position in substituting petroleum-based gasoline: even if its actual carbon footprint is still debated, it is generally acknowledged a reduction in net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with respect to oil.Bioethanol current production is based on the so-called first generation conversion technologies, using the products of conventional food crops as feedstocks, as starchy-, sugar- and oil-based resources (e.g., corn, wheat and sugarcane). The enthusiastic support these biofuels were given at the earlier beginning, has eroded more recently as new studies have highlighted their competition with food crops. Thus, the promotion of biofuels produced from cellulosic biomass (second generation biofuels), which does not have any food value, has been strongly recommended. However high capital expenditures and production costs still hinder the establishment of second generation facilities at a commercial scale. In this context, the main question concerns the identification of the most proper strategies (on both economic and environmental terms) to pave the way for a more sustainable transport system.In light of this complex background, a well-advised transition towards a more sustainable transport system, requires an integrated analysis based on several issues involving the supply chain (SC) as a whole, that may help defining a more comprehensive view of biofuels. In tackling such high-level decision problems, analytical modelling has been recognised as the best optimisation option especially in the early stage of unknown structures design to address the full management of production systems considering all the stages of the production and distribution SC. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) in particular, represents one of the most suitable tools in determining the optimal solutions of complex SC design problems where multiple alternatives are to be taken into account.Notwithstanding biorefineries represent an important part of the literature and biofuels have been gaining ever greater attention, strategic biofuels SC design is dealt with in a still limited number of works and some topics need to be properly discussed. Accordingly, the main purpose of this Thesis is to cover this gap of knowledge in the literature. In the context of bioenergy systems development and deployment, the general aim of this work is to provide quantitative and deterministic tools analysing and optimising the overall supply chain, so as to define the most convenient strategies for the development of the future road transport systems. The MILP, often moMILP, (multi-objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming) modelling frameworks developed, enable simultaneous consideration of conflicting criteria (i.e., financial, environmental, economic) to assist the stakeholders’ decisions on biofuels industry at strategic and tactical levels. The analysis, in particular, has been approached effectively embodying the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) principles within the SC Analysis (SCA) techniques aiming at a quantitative assessment of the environmental burdens of each SC stage (i.e., biomass production and transport; fuel production and distribution). In addition, financial assessment has been integrated within the formulation involving properly devised risk indices measuring the trade-off between profitability and the risk the investors might be willing to accept for the business to be established.The attention has been devoted, in particular, to the identification of the suitable strategies to pave the way for the most sustainable technologies for ethanol production. First, a broad range of processes (belonging to both first and second generation) has been dealt with, considering also the possibility of integrating multiple feedstocks within properly devised hybrid technologies using both starchy- and cellulose-rich materials. Then, the analysis has been focused on the general interactions of market policies (i.e., carbon trading, subsidies) on ethanol market development trends to boost sustainable production of ethanol.Models capabilities in steering decisions on investments for bioenergy systems are evaluated in addressing real world case studies referring to the emerging bioethanol production in Northern Italy" @default.
• W200201211 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W200201211 date "2012-01-27" @default.
• W200201211 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W200201211 title "Sustainable design of biofuel systems: a modelling approach for the financial and environmental optimisation of first and second generation ethanol supply chains" @default.
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