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- W2002692914 abstract "HomeCirculationVol. 106, No. 11Fate of Intracardiac Lead Vegetations After Percutaneous Lead Extraction Free AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toSupplemental MaterialFree AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBFate of Intracardiac Lead Vegetations After Percutaneous Lead Extraction Gian M. Novaro, Walid Saliba and Wael A. Jaber Gian M. NovaroGian M. Novaro From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. Search for more papers by this author , Walid SalibaWalid Saliba From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. Search for more papers by this author and Wael A. JaberWael A. Jaber From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. Search for more papers by this author Originally published10 Sep 2002https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000033305.02137.31Circulation. 2002;106:e46Permanent pacemaker (PPM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) devices are increasingly used in today’s clinical practice. An underappreciated complication and treatment dilemma arises when intracardiac leads become infected from a systemic bacterial infection, at times resulting in large lead vegetations. Two patients (ages 42 and 63 years) with previously implanted devices (ICD and PPM, respectively) presented with fevers and constitutional symptoms and were subsequently found to have bloodstream bacterial infections. Echocardiographic examination revealed several large mobile echodensities adherent to the intracardiac leads consistent with either thrombus, vegetations, or infected thrombi (Movies I and IV). Despite courses of appropriate intravenous antibiotics, fevers, bacteremia, and echocardiographic findings persisted. Surgical consultation was obtained but, in both cases, (because of significant comorbid conditions in one and patient refusal for surgery in the other), a percutaneous approach was pursued.Under transesophageal echocardiographic surveillance, percutaneous extraction of the intracardiac leads was performed. In the first patient, despite lead removal, a large ventricular ICD lead vegetation remained affixed to the right ventricle, likely adhered to the subvalvular tricuspid valve apparatus. In contrast, removal of the atrial lead led to prompt dislodgement (Movie II) and embolization of a large lead vegetation to the right pulmonary artery (Figure and Movie III), where partial right pulmonary arterial obstruction led to a brief episode of hypotension and tachycardia requiring temporary vasopressor support. Download figureDownload PowerPointAfter embolization, inspection of the pulmonary arteries disclosed the vegetation lodged in the mid-right pulmonary artery. Continuous wave Doppler is shown with a gradient of 22 mm Hg was noted across the arterial obstruction.In the second patient, a single PPM lead required extraction. On withdrawal of the lead, the large vegetation remained attached but highly mobile in the right heart, connected to either to a tricuspid leaflet or the subvalvular apparatus (Movie V). Both patients survived the periprocedural period and went on to receive long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy, with considerable delays in the reimplantation of new devices. In an era of increasing use of antiarrhythmia devices and biventricular pacing, the appropriate management of infected intracardiac leads, whether medical, surgical, or percutaneous, has not been well defined and remains vastly unexplored.Movies I through V are available in an online-only Data Supplement at http://www.circulationaha.org.The editor of Images in Cardiovascular Medicine is Hugh A. McAllister, Jr, MD, Chief, Department of Pathology, St Luke’s Episcopal Hospital and Texas Heart Institute, and Clinical Professor of Pathology, University of Texas Medical School and Baylor College of Medicine.Circulation encourages readers to submit cardiovascular images to the Circulation Editorial Office, St Luke’s Episcopal Hospital/Texas Heart Institute, 6720 Bertner Ave, MC1-267, Houston, TX 77030.FootnotesCorrespondence to Wael A. Jaber, MD, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Desk F-15, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. E-mail [email protected] Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Jacobson A and Ailiani R (2019) Pseudoleads on Transesophageal Echocardiography, CASE, 10.1016/j.case.2018.08.001, 3:1, (35-38), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2019. Lee J, Agasthi P, Pasha A, Tarin C, Tseng A, Diehl N, Hodge D, DeSimone C, Killu A, Brady P, Kancharla K, Kusumoto F, Srivathsan K, Osborn M, Espinosa R, Rea R, Madhavan M, McLeod C, Shen W, Cha Y, Friedman P, Asirvatham S and Mulpuru S (2018) Stroke in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection undergoing transvenous lead removal, Heart Rhythm, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.08.008, 15:11, (1593-1600), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2018. Takahashi S and Sueda T (2016) Development of the Maze procedure and the contribution of Japanese surgeons, General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 10.1007/s11748-016-0728-y, 65:3, (144-152), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017. Phan K, Xie A, Kumar N, Wong S, Medi C, La Meir M and Yan T (2014) Comparing energy sources for surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials, European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 10.1093/ejcts/ezu408, 48:2, (201-211), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. GOYAL S, ELLIS C, BALL S, AHMAD R, HOFF S, WHALEN S and ROTTMAN J (2014) High-Risk Lead Removal by Planned Sequential Transvenous Laser Extraction and Minimally Invasive Right Thoracotomy, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10.1111/jce.12368, 25:6, (617-621), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014. Andreas M, Wiedemann D, Kocher A and Khazen C (2013) Materialization of ghosts: Severe intracardiac masses after pacemaker lead extraction requiring immediate surgical intervention, Heart Rhythm, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.05.026, 10:12, (1826), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2013. LE K, SOHAIL M, FRIEDMAN P, USLAN D, CHA S, HAYES D, WILSON W, STECKELBERG J and BADDOUR L (2011) Clinical Predictors of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device-Related Infective Endocarditis, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02991.x, 34:4, (450-459), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011. Rizzello V, Russo A, Casella M and Biddau R (2008) Residual fibrous tissue floating in the right atrium after percutaneous pacemaker lead extraction: An unusual complication early detected by intracardiac echocardiography, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.047, 127:2, (e67-e68), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2008. Khargi K, Keyhan-Falsafi A, Hutten B, Ramanna H, Lemke B and Deneke T (2007) Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillationChirurgische Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern, Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie, 10.1007/s00399-007-0562-0, 18:2, (68-76), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007. ECKART R, HRUCZKOWSKI T, LANDZBERG M, AMES A and EPSTEIN L (2006) Pulmonary Arterial Embolization of Pacemaker Lead Electrode Tip, Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2006.00435.x, 29:7, (784-787), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2006. Onalan O, Lashevsky I, Hamad A and Crystal E (2014) Nonpharmacologic stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 10.1586/14779072.3.4.619, 3:4, (619-633), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2005. September 10, 2002Vol 106, Issue 11 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000033305.02137.31PMID: 12221064 Originally publishedSeptember 10, 2002 PDF download Advertisement" @default.
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