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• W2002879409 abstract "Diversification of the traditional dryland cropping system in the central Great Plains (winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]-fallow) could lead to a more sustainable production system. Selection of suitable crops to rotate with winter wheat requires knowledge of productivity under a widely varying precipitation regime. The objectives of this study were to determine water use/yield relationships and likely average production levels for spring canola (Brassica napus L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinicia Hochst), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and to determine differences in oil concentration and soil water extraction patterns among these three crops. Canola, crambe, and sunflower were grown under a line-source, gradient irrigation (GI) system to determine seed yield and oil concentration under a range of water use. Sunflower was also grown in several dryland rotations following a variety of crops, which resulted in a range of starting soil water conditions. Soil water extraction was monitored with a neutron probe and time-domain reflectometry. All three crops exhibited linear responses of yield to water use. Sunflower was less responsive than canola and crambe, which had nearly identical water use/yield functions. Oil concentrations showed a trend for increasing oil content with increasing water use. Sunflower extracted water from lower soil depths than canola and crambe, which were similar in soil water extraction. Median yield levels predicted from long-term precipitation records at Akron, CO, were 1130, 1180, and 1520 lb/acre for canola, crambe, and sunflower, respectively. All three crops are agronomically feasible oilseed crops for dryland rotations with winter wheat in the central Great Plains. Research Question The traditional wheat-fallow cropping system of the central Great Plains is subject to the production problems of monoculture systems. Diversification through crop rotation could lead to a more sustainable and profitable production system. Selection of suitable crops to rotate with winter wheat requires knowledge of productivity under a range of water use. Crop water use varies widely due to year-to-year variability in precipitation and starting soil water content. Canola, crambe, and sunflower are oilseed crops that may have dryland production potential for the central Great Plains. The objectives of this study were to determine water use/yield relationships and likely average production levels for spring canola, crambe, and sunflower, and to determine differences in oil concentration and soil water extraction patterns among these three crops. Literature Summary Canola production in Alberta was about 900 lb/acre with 8 in. of water use, and increased by 135 lb/acre for each additional inch of water used. Canola yields in North Dakota have ranged from 200 to 2900 lb/acre. Reported oil concentrations for canola range from 28 to 44%. Crambe has been considered to be more drought tolerant than canola, with reported yields in North Dakota of 400 to nearly 3000 lb/acre and oil concentrations ranging from 24 to 32%. Sunflower yields in both Texas and Nebraska increased by about 155 lb/acre for every additional inch of seasonal water use. Sunflower oil concentrations reportedly range from 41 to 56%, and increase with water use. Sunflower has a deep root system capable of extracting water from as deep as 117 in., but most of the soil water extraction probably occurs above 78 in. Study Description Canola, crambe, and sunflower were grown near Akron, CO, under a line-source, gradient irrigation system to determine seed yield and oil concentration under a range of water use. Sunflower was also grown in several dryland rotations following a variety of crops, which resulted in a range of starting soil water conditions. Water use was calculated by the water balance method using measurements of soil water extraction made with a neutron probe and time-domain reflectometry. Seed yield and oil concentration were measured. Water use/yield production functions were developed by linear regression. Long-term precipitation records were used with these production functions to determine long-term yield distributions. Applied Questions What are the water use/yield production functions for spring canola, crambe, and sunflower for the central Great Plains? The water use/yield production functions are: canola Yield (lb/acre) = 175.2 × water use (in.) − 1090 crambe Yield (lb/acre) = 172.0 × water use (in.) − 1001 sunflower Yield (lb/acre) = 134.1 × water use (in.) − 628 What are the oil concentrations for canola, crambe, and sunflower, and does oil concentration change with water use? Oil concentrations generally increased with increased water use, and ranged from 37 to 44% for canola, 22 to 32% for crambe, and 43 to 49% for sunflower. Are there differences among the three crops in soil water extraction? Sunflower extracted more water from deeper in the soil profile than canola and crambe, which were similar to each other. Canola and crambe extracted 4 to 6.5 in. of soil water, while sunflower extracted nearly 8 in. Most of the soil water used by canola and crambe came from the 0 to 47 in. soil layer, compared with sunflower soil water extraction down to 71 in. What range of yields could be expected for canola, crambe, and sunflower production under dryland conditions in the central Great Plains? Using Akron long-term precipitation data and the water use/yield production functions, median yields (and ranges) for canola, crambe, and sunflower in the central Great Plains would be 1130 lb/acre (510–2390), 1180 lb/acre (570–2420), and 1520 lb/acre (860–2200), respectively (Fig. 1). Figure 1Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Frequency distributions of canola, crambe, and sunflower yields predicted from water use/yield production functions and growing season precipitation record (1965–1997) at Akron, CO." @default.
• W2002879409 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2002879409 date "1998-07-01" @default.
• W2002879409 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2002879409 title "Comparison of Three Alternative Oilseed Crops for the Central Great Plains" @default.
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• W2002879409 doi "https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1998.0336" @default.
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