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• W2003084772 abstract "N CONTRAST to liberalism and socialism and a whole series of other subject matters of political theory, conservatism is not a clearly definable concept. Not only does it respond to the constant flux and change in society: this would be true also of other social movements and ideas. (Thus, modern liberalism has undergone all kinds of transformations and has demonstrated variable aspects of its basic creed, ever since John Locke and Adam Smith applied similar hopes and terms to different fields of human endeavor; and, of course, we are only too familiar with the various phases and emphases through which modern socialism has passed.) The special point with regard to conservatism is that it varies not only as to form or temper but also as to substance from one society to another. This is the major point to be demonstrated, and it denotes the futility of so many of our new American who try to prove their case by quoting endlessly from the British model of thought, incidentally without paying sufficient attention to the prudent qualities of flexible British action. Much of the standard criticism directed at modern conservatism, however, misses the point no less. A favorite objection of liberals precisely is that conservatism cannot be clearly defined, and that its pragmatic adjustments to given situations prove only that a Communist in Russia may be termed a with no less justification than a dyed-in-the-wool Republican in Vermont. After all, he, too, preserves a given order or adjusts to a given situation; and is this not all there is to conservatism? The liberal critic who argues thus proceeds along far too easy rational lines. Not only does the question arise as to whether the member of a movement which still is bent on world revolution and which plans to subvert most, if not all, of the established orders and values can be termed conservative without the most violent stretch of the imagination; but, with a particular view to purely Russian conditions, is it not true that the degree to which a Russian Communist may be considered conservative will obviously depend on his party's as well as his own attitude toward Russia's total history and her institutions of the past? Here we approach the heart of the problem. It does not matter, namely, how distasteful Czarist institutions are either to Communists (Russian Communists actually have either preserved or ultimately resuscitated a considerable number of these) or to Western conservatives. The main characteristic of political conservatives everywhere is their pride, their nostalgia, their sentiment with respect to their own nation's (or group's) history, and their determination to cherish, perpetuate, or ''conserve'' policies and institutions particularly identified with it. However, the policy of preservation need not be unanimous. Conservatives of the same country or locale may show wide-" @default.
• W2003084772 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2003084772 date "1955-10-01" @default.
• W2003084772 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2003084772 title "The New American Conservatism and European Conservatism" @default.
• W2003084772 doi "https://doi.org/10.1086/291026" @default.
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