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- W2003802802 abstract "Valgus instability of the elbow is uncommon in the general population and is not seen often in most athletes. Individuals who throw repeatedly, especially baseball pitchers, represent most of these exceptional cases where valgus instability can be identified. The extreme valgus loads generated by the throwing motion place tremendous tensile stress across the medial elbow joint and the ligaments that stabilize it. These forces peak at the medial elbow during late cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing, as the elbow moves from flexion to extension at speeds that have been estimated to reach 3000 deg/sec.11 The load produced during a typical fastball thrown by an elite pitcher has been estimated to approach the tensile strength of the medial collateral ligament,11 confirming the notion that pitching is a high-risk activity for the medial collateral ligament. Subtle injury to the ulnar collateral ligament can lead to disabling instability in the throwing athlete in the setting of repetitive valgus stress.4, 9, 25, 32, 38, 41, 52, 58 When instability prevents return to competition in the overhead athlete, surgical reconstruction often is indicated. Valgus instability can be detected at a much lower incidence in javelin throwers, tennis players, or trauma. Complete ulnar collateral ligament injuries are rare in racquet sports, but repetitive valgus overload can lead To recurrent episodes of microtrauma and subsequent symptomatic valgus instability.14 Elbow dislocation can rupture the ulnar collateral ligament or avulse it from the medial epicondyle.12 Recurrent instability after a simple elbow dislocation is rare. Acute instability generally is not seen if the flexor–pronator muscle group remains intact.55" @default.
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- W2003802802 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W2003802802 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2003802802 title "Valgus Instability of the Elbow in Athletes" @default.
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- W2003802802 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70245-3" @default.
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