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- W2004074711 abstract "High atomic number (high Z) radiation dose enhancement has been investigated for many years. We have previously demonstrated enhanced radiosensitization using 1.9 nm spherical gold nanoparticles (GNP's) in the presence of the free radical scavenger TRIS in a DNA plasmid model. We then wished to identify if radiosensitization also occurred in hypoxic prostate cancer cells and normal (immortalized) cells in the presence of 1.9 nm GNP's. We studied the time of entry and subcellular localization of GNP's in hypoxic and normoxic prostate cancer cell lines and correlated this with radiosensitivity. Clonogenic cell survival curves were generated for PC3, DU145 and LNCAP human prostate cancer cells irradiated with 160kvp X-rays in the presence of 1.9nm gold nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0, 10, 100 μg/ml) in 21% or 0.1% oxygen. Survival curves were also generated for the normal cell lines HMEC and L132 at 21% and 4% oxygen. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the time of entry and distribution of GNP's in prostate cancer cells and this was correlated with radiosensitization. After 24 hours exposure, 1.9 nm gold particles were taken up by prostate cancer cells by endocytosis and became distributed within all cellular compartments including the nucleus, where they appeared bound to chromatin. Concentration-dependant radiosensitization was observed in all prostate cancer cell lines under hypoxic conditions using 160kvp X-rays. We observed sensitivity enhancement ratios in the region of 1.2 with the addition of 100μg/ml GNP's. Furthermore significant cytotoxicity was observed when prostate cancer cell lines were treated with GNP's even in the absence of radiation. Gold nanoparticles of 1.9 nm mean diameter can penetrate the nucleus of hypoxic prostate cancer cell lines. They cause cytotoxicity and radiosensitization, effects which may be utilized clinically to improve outcomes in patients with prostate cancer currently treated with radiation alone." @default.
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- W2004074711 date "2008-09-01" @default.
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- W2004074711 title "Gold Nanoparticles Cause Radiosensitization in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines in Hypoxic Conditions" @default.
- W2004074711 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.553" @default.
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