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- W2004226711 abstract "The sputtering and decomposition of the surface of Europa by fast ions and electrons lead to the production of an atomosphere containing sodium and potassium atoms. Here time-of-flight energy distributions are measured for Na and K sputtered from a vapor-deposited ice by 200-eV electrons. These data are then used in a Monte Carlo simulation for alkalis in Europa's atmosphere. Na/K ratios versus distance from Europa are calculated and compared to the recent observations in the range 6 to 18 Europan radii from the surface. Normalizing to the observations, the Na/K ratio for the loss rates is ∼27 and the ratio for the average surface source rates is ∼20. These ratios are very different from the Na/K ratio at Io and are larger than the Na/K ratio suggested for Europa's putative subsurface ocean, consistent with fractionation on freezing and upwelling of ocean material." @default.
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- W2004226711 date "2002-03-01" @default.
- W2004226711 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2004226711 title "Energy Distributions for Desorption of Sodium and Potassium from Ice: The Na/K Ratio at Europa" @default.
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- W2004226711 doi "https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6763" @default.
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