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• W2004262374 abstract "Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying Ed. by M. Black & H. W. Pritchard. 416 pages. Wallingford UK: CABI Publishing, 2002. £75.00 h/b. ISBN 0851 99534 9 Desiccation and survival in plants: drying without dying is a very welcome addition to the plant stress physiology literature, as it is the first attempt to review comprehensively the phenomenon of desiccation tolerance in plants. Desiccation tolerance occurs in most seeds, pollen, and spores, in the thalli of many algae, lichens and bryophytes, and in the vegetative tissues of a few species of vascular plants. The book begins with an overview of desiccation tolerance. The clear message of this, and subsequent chapters, is that desiccation tolerance involves a whole collection of interacting mechanisms. The first section of the book covers methods used to study desiccation including those to measure water potential and its components, practical considerations, for example, how to control drying rates and how to assess the ability of plants to recover, and the advantages, and disadvantages of biochemical and biophysical methods. Techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) promise to tell us about the distribution and state of water in biological materials, the occurrence of free radicals generated by living cells, and the nature of membranes. While these techniques apparently still cannot explain why some seeds, thalli or vegetative tissues are desiccation-sensitive and others tolerant, their full power has yet to be realized in the study of desiccation tolerance. Desiccation tolerance in relation to seed development, in pollen and spores, and in bryophytes and higher plants is reviewed in the following chapters. Interestingly, real desiccation sensitivity is uncommon among pollens. Evolutionary aspects of recalcitrance (desiccation intolerance) in seeds are then reviewed, but the book would have been much more interesting if this or another chapter had also considered the evolution of desiccation tolerance in cryptograms and higher plants. The way in which desiccation actually damages organisms, and tolerance mechanisms are covered in the next group of chapters. Chapter 9 rightly points out that most studies on desiccation in plants tend to focus on how organisms tolerate stress, rather than trying to quantify the effects of stress. This review is one of the best I have read on how, from a structural point of view, cell membranes and walls accommodate the huge changes in volume that accompany drying. Many proteins are quite stable when desiccated, but it is made clear that this is not true for all proteins. There follows a nice overview of the various mechanisms that have been put forward to explain desiccation tolerance. My only criticism of these two chapters is that they do not sufficiently detail the involvement of free radical scavenging systems. It is true that at present we can only correlate desiccation tolerance to changes in enzyme activity or concentrations of free-radical scavenging antioxidants, and that sometimes these correlations break down. However, the same could be said about some of the more favoured molecules such as dehydrins or sugars, or the properties of a cell, for example glass formation or the membrane-phase transition temperature. Indeed, as the final chapter in the book points out, some of these correlations, for example those with oligosaccharides and desiccation tolerance in seeds, may turn out to be spurious. Molecular genetics of desiccation tolerance are outlined in Chapter 11. We now have some indication of which genes are switched on (and off) during dehydration and rehydration. We also know that these genes have considerable similarities in such diverse systems as seeds and vegetative moss tissues. Work in this area is just beginning, but it will surely not be long before the powerful tools of molecular biology, that have been developed in other systems, are applied to understanding the mechanism of desiccation tolerance. The authors also give a realistic appraisal of the potential for increasing the drought tolerance of crop plants using information derived from desiccation-tolerance studies. The effects of desiccation on membranes and the nuclear genome are discussed. Clearly, competent DNA repair is an essential factor for successful rehydration. Reading the section on membranes leaves me with the impression that we still do not understand how the widely reported loss of solutes during rehydration occurs. The final ‘conspectus’ chapter is rather disappointing. The opportunity has been lost for vigorous debates on the definition of desiccation tolerance, and the relationship between desiccation tolerance and drought tolerance. I would have liked a thorough comparison of desiccation tolerance in seeds, pollen and spores, and vegetative material. And what about comparing desiccation-tolerance mechanisms in plants with the few animal systems in which it occurs? I have several other criticisms of the book. Some chapters are over long, with overlap of subject matter and the text contains some obvious inconsistencies. Finally, important groups of desiccation tolerant organisms, on which high quality work has been carried out (e.g. lichens and algae) are almost entirely neglected. Having said all this, and while there are too many omissions for this book to have, as the back cover claims, a ‘comprehensive coverage’, I have no hesitation in recommending it to those studying any aspect of desiccation tolerance in plants and to plant-stress physiologists. The full text of the book is available for viewing at: http://www.cabi-publishing.org/Bookshop/Readingroom/browseA-Z.asp, but note, it cannot be printed!" @default.
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• W2004262374 date "2002-12-19" @default.
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• W2004262374 title "Drying without dying" @default.
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