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• W2004378655 endingPage "128" @default.
• W2004378655 startingPage "85" @default.
• W2004378655 abstract "The mechanisms of decarboxylation reactions are normally considered in terms of steps leading to dissociative processes that cleave a CC bond and release CO2. Observations of specific acid-catalyzed decarboxylation reactions, such as those of pyrrole-carboxylic acids, are inconsistent with such a mechanism. Formulation of mechanisms involving release of protonated carbon dioxide can be ruled out by the exceptionally high energy of that species. Instead, they can be formulated in terms an associative process involving addition of water to the carboxyl group along with addition of a proton to the position α to the carboxyl. The rate-determining step involves CC cleavage that produces protonated carbonic acid, an accessible intermediate that decomposes rapidly to release CO2. Observations of base catalysis of decarboxylation, as in the decarboxylation of mandelylthiamin, are inconsistent with direct formation of CO2. In those cases, direct formation of bicarbonate occurs through addition of water followed by deprotonation of the intermediate by a Brønsted base along with CC cleavage. This route overcomes problems resulting from the intrinsic electrophilicity of CO2 that would lead to extensive reversal of CC cleavage, which significantly reduces the net rate of the reaction. Processes that can follow this addition mechanism of base catalysis include enzymatic reactions in which the addition of water or an alcohol creates a reactive intermediate that avoids direct formation of CO2. The acid catalysis mechanism can apply by analogy in the observed catalysis of decarboxylation provided by Lewis acids." @default.
• W2004378655 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2004378655 creator A5017154958 @default.
• W2004378655 creator A5066425079 @default.
• W2004378655 creator A5089443843 @default.
• W2004378655 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2004378655 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2004378655 title "Avoiding CO2 in Catalysis of Decarboxylation" @default.
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