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- W2004555667 abstract "Accurate chromosome partitioning during cell division requires that cohesion hold sister chromatids together until kinetochores correctly attach to spindle microtubules. In 1932, Darlington noted that sister-chromatid cohesion distal to the site of exchange also could play a vital role in maintaining the association of chiasmate homologs during meiosis [1Darlington C.D. Recent Advances in Cytology. Churchill, London1932Google Scholar]. Cohesion linking a recombinant chromatid with a sister of each homologous pair would resist spindle forces that separate kinetochores of homologous chromosomes (see Figure 1)Graphical AbstractSchematic of How Arm Cohesion Distal to the Site of a Crossover Event Can Maintain the Association of Homologous Chromosomes during MeiosisShow full captionEach set of homologs (light gray and dark gray) is composed of two sister chromatids held together along their entire length by cohesion (black cross bars).(A) After the homologs pair, recombination takes place. In this figure, a crossover has occurred on each arm.(B) During spindle assembly, homolog kinetochores attach to microtubules and are pulled toward the poles. Arm cohesion distal to the site of each crossover resists the forces acting to separate the homologous chromosomes.(C) At the onset of anaphase I, arm cohesion is released, allowing homologs to migrate to opposite poles. Centromeric cohesion between sisters remains intact until anaphase II and is required for proper segregation of sisters during the second meiotic division.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT). Although centromeric cohesion must be retained to ensure proper segregation during meiosis II, dissolution of arm cohesion would be required for anaphase I to occur. This hypothesis is supported by recent evidence in yeast and C. elegans that separase activity is essential for the segregation of recombinant homologs during meiosis I [2Buonomo S.B. Clyne R.K. Fuchs J. Loidl J. Uhlmann F. Nasmyth K. Disjunction of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I depends on proteolytic cleavage of the meiotic cohesin Rec8 by separin.Cell. 2000; 103: 387-398Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (345) Google Scholar, 3Siomos M.F. Badrinath A. Pasierbek P. Livingstone D. White J. Glotzer M. Nasmyth K. Separase is required for chromosome segregation during meiosis I in Caenorhabditis elegans.Curr. Biol. 2001; 11: 1825-1835Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (117) Google Scholar]. We present evidence that Drosophila oocytes require sister-chromatid cohesion to maintain a physical attachment between recombinant chromosomes. Using FISH to monitor cohesion directly, we confirm that oocytes lacking ORD activity exhibit cohesion defects, consistent with previous genetic results [4Bickel S.E. Wyman D.W. Orr-Weaver T.L. Mutational analysis of the Drosophila sister-chromatid cohesion protein ORD and its role in the maintenance of centromeric cohesion.Genetics. 1997; 146: 1319-1331PubMed Google Scholar]. We also show that ordnull oocytes that have undergone recombination are unable to arrest at metaphase I, indicating that chiasmata are unstable in the absence of cohesion. Our results support the model that arm cohesion provides a conserved mechanism that ensures physical attachment between recombinant homologs until anaphase I." @default.
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- W2004555667 date "2002-06-01" @default.
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- W2004555667 title "The Sister-Chromatid Cohesion Protein ORD Is Required for Chiasma Maintenance in Drosophila Oocytes" @default.
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- W2004555667 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00846-1" @default.
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