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- W2004667360 abstract "Octopuses trained to make visual discrimination by trials at short intervals given in groups tended to learn during each session and forget before the next. The effect was most marked early in training; later, more lasting representations were set up in the memory, but performance was always more accurate at the ends of the sessions. After removal of the vertical lobes animals can learn within the sessions (though less well than normals). More long-lasting representations are set up only very slowly and incompletely. Performance remains at least four times less accurate than in normal octopuses. After removal of the vertical lobes from animals already trained there is a first apparently complete loss of memory as shown by tests without reward. Performance in retraining is slightly better than that of animals not trained before operation, showing that there was some retention over the operation. Since animals without vertical lobes can learn to make moderately accurate discriminations it is concluded that the function of these lobes is not only to make use of memory stores established elsewhere. The fact that performance of a learned discrimination fails after their removal shows, therefore, that a main function of the lobes is the actual storing of representations. It remains to be decided whether they also assist in the formation of a store elsewhere, for example, in the optic lobes, with which they have reciprocal connexions. The vertical lobes receive fibres from visual, tactile and gustatory sources and are thus well placed for the setting up of representations associating particular receptor patterns with food or pain. After their removal the immediate effects of food or shock persist less long and the lobes thus play a part in two main stages of storage in the memory: ( a ) a shorter lasting process that maintains the effects for a period of hours, and enables ( b ) longer lasting representations to be set up." @default.
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- W2004667360 title "The failures of discrimination learning following the removal of the vertical lobes in Octopus" @default.
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- W2004667360 doi "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0085" @default.
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