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• W2004802014 abstract "Abstract The role of pheromones in mammalian reproduction is only beginning to be understood. The most detailed studies have perforce been made on the laboratory mouse, which is remarkably responsive to its olfactory environment. The estrous cycle of the unmated mouse is modified by olfactory stimuli derived either from males or from females. Spontaneous pseudopregnancy is induced when female mice are housed together, away from males, in small groups (Lee-Boot effect); if the females are housed together in larger groups (30 females per cage), many become anestrous for weeks on end so that in the group as a whole, estrus and ovulation occur infrequently. The introduction of a male initiates a new cycle, so that when grouped females are paired with stud males estrus is synchronized and the majority of females mate on the third night after pairing (Whitten effect). The olfactory influence of the male on the female does not necessarily cease after mating. If a recently mated female mouse is removed from the stud male and exposed to another male, particularly to a male of a strain different from that of the stud male, pregnancy and pseudopregnancy both fail (Bruce effect). Anosmic females do not show this effect. Nothing is known of the source or the nature of the estrus-suppressing pheromones produced by female mice, since all the evidence for their existence is indirect. The pheromones responsible for estrus acceleration and pregnancy failure appear in the urine of normal adult males and are associated with androgens either directly or indirectly through some androgen-dependent gland. Male pheromones act on the females through neurohumoral pathways. Male-induced pregnancy failure can be prevented by administration of exogenous prolactin or progesterone or by the presence of a functioning ectopic pituitary graft, which secretes prolactin continuously. Pregnancy failure can also be prevented by administration of reserpine, which indicates hypothalamic involvement. The available evidence indicates that the neuroendocrine cause of the male-induced pregnancy failure in mice is the failure of prolactin secretion by the adenohypophysis with consequent failure of corpus luteum development and the return of the newly mated female to estrus as though mating has not occurred. The histological study of the corpora lutea also supports this view. The scanty literature on reproductive pheromones in nonmurine mammalian species is reviewed." @default.
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• W2004802014 title "Pheromonal mechanisms regulating mammalian reproduction" @default.
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• W2004802014 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(69)90036-7" @default.
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