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- W2005020429 endingPage "14" @default.
- W2005020429 startingPage "3" @default.
- W2005020429 abstract "Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by a compulsion to seek and take drugs, the development of dependence, and the manifestation of a negative emotional state when the drug is removed. Activation of brain stress systems is hypothesized to be a key element of the negative emotional state produced by dependence that drives drug-seeking through negative reinforcement mechanisms, defined as the “dark side” of addiction. The focus of the present review is on the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-related peptides in the dark side of addiction. CRF is a key mediator of the hormonal, autonomic, and behavior responses to stressors. Emphasis is placed on the role of CRF in extrahypothalamic systems in the extended amygdala, including the central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and a transition area in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, in the dark side of addiction. The urocortin/CRF2 systems have been less explored, but results suggest their role in the neuroadaptation associated with chronic drug use, sometimes in opposition to the effects produced by the CRF1 receptor. Compelling evidence argues that the CRF stress system, including its activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, plays a key role in engaging the transition to dependence and maintaining dependence once it is initiated. Understanding the role of the CRF systems in addiction not only provides insight into the neurobiology of the dark side of addiction, but also provides novel targets for identifying vulnerability to addiction and the treatment of addiction." @default.
- W2005020429 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2005020429 creator A5075246876 @default.
- W2005020429 date "2010-02-01" @default.
- W2005020429 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W2005020429 title "The role of CRF and CRF-related peptides in the dark side of addiction" @default.
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